Newborn Dried Blood Spot Screening (NBS) Essay -- Newborn screening p

Introduction Newborn Dried Blood Spot Screening (NBS) is the most widespread application of screening technology to identify infants with certain genetic, metabolic, and endocrine disorders. Several drops of blood are taken from the babys heel and placed on a lter paper card. some(prenominal) countries are considering the expansion of their new- born bloodspot screening programs. As a public health intervention, NBS has greatly improved the lives of thousands of affected children. Yet despite the fact that newborn baby screening has saved the lives of thousands of children and help many more from lasting disability, previous experience has shown that screening can be costly and cause a-dverse psychological effects, much(prenominal) as anxiety, stress, guilt, social stigma, reduced self-esteem, and social, insurance and employment discrimination. Specifically concerning children, a request for screening creates legal concerns and raises ethical questions for the health care provid er. In this review, we spotlight the major ethical and social challenges currently facing each facet of newborn screening.Background Newborn screening (NBS) tests have been designed to identify infants with skanky disorders that are relatively prevalent and treatable (or controllable) and it consists of taking a few drops of blood from a babys heel in the first week of liveliness and testing it for a list of disorders. Newborn screening began In the United States and most countries in Europe in the 1960s and 1970s after Dr. Robert Guthrie substantial a simple blood test for phenylketonuria (PKU) ( Baily & H. Murray, 2008). PKU leads to mental retardation, but can be effectively treated by early detection and continued adherence to a special diet. Until the late 1990s, screeni... ...creening for early detection of disease, the need for evidence. Clin Chim Acta. 315, 5-15 Miller. F, Robert. J, Z. Hayeems. R (2009), Genetic& ethics, Questioning the Consensus Managing Carrier Sta tus Results Generated Newborn Screening, American Journal of Public Health, 99,210-215Rothwell. E, A. Anderson. R, J. Burbank. M, J. Goldenberg. A, Lewis. M, Stark. A, Wong. B, R. Botkin. B (2011). Concerns of Newborn Blood Screening Advisory Committee Members Regarding Storage and Use of Residual Newborn Screening Blood Spots, American Journal of Public Health, 101, 2111-2116 Tarini. B, Goldenberg.A (2014), Ethical Issues with Newborn Screening in the Genomics Era. Ethics of Newborn Screening, 1 , 381-393.Vanderburg. S, Verwei.M (2012), Maintaining Trust in Newborn Screening Compliance and communicate Consent in the Netherlands, Hastings Center Report, 41-47.

Essay on the Dynamic Relationship of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth

Dynamic Relationship of Macbeth and wench Macbeth An important factor in Shakespeares tragic play, Macbeth is the changing relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth throughout the play. At the beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is the dominant character in the relationship. As the play progresses the roles seem to reverse and Macbeth becomes the more dominant of the two. We can gain insight into the changing relationship by loo male monarch at the interaction of the couple. The first time in the play where we can make reference about their relationship and their individual personalities in the relationship is in Act 1, Scene 5, where we first meet Lady Macbeth. She is seen alone reading a letter out loud, which Macbeth has written to her. It is telling her of his visit from the witches. The letter told how the weird sisters had come to him and Banquo on their way home later on battle and how they also do it appear to him as though they could read his thoughts and how they tormented him with riddles. They showed him that they had the power of prophecy and they said that he would become the Thane of Cawdor and then king. They made him believe that his greatest prize, being king, was near and Macbeth who was already experiencing the desire to be king willingly listened to the witches. Lady Macbeth desperately wanted to become queen and when the king made Macbeth the Thane of Cawdor they both thought the weird sisters must be right and he would become king.When the question was vaguely brought up of killing Duncan to get the bay window Lady Macbeth worked on this idea and in her eyes it seemed to be a good idea. Lady Macbeth then went about trying to persuade Macbeth into killing Duncan however though he clearly didnt want to. ... ...86.Hugget, Richard. Supernatural on Stage The Curse of Macbeth Its Origins, Background, and History. New York Taplinger Publishing Co, 1975. 153-211.Lewis, William Dodge. Shakespeare Said It. Syracuse Syracuse University, 1961.Quincey, doubting Thomas De essay from Harris, Laurie Lanzen, and Scott, Mark W. ed. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Shakespearean Criticism, Vol. 3. Detroit Gale Research Company, 1986.Shakespeare, William. Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul Warstine. New York Washington Press, 1992. Traversi, D. A. essay from Harris, Laurie Lanzen, and Scott, Mark W. ed. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Shakespearean Criticism, Vol. 3. Detroit Gale Research Company, 1986.Wells, Stanley, and Taylor Gary. ed. The Oxford Shakespeare, The fill in Works Macbeth. By William Shakespeare. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1988. 975-999.

Sea Lions: Natures Playful Aquatic Land Mammals Essays -- Essays Pap

sea Lions Natures Playful Aquatic Land MammalsIntroduction sea king of beastss may look exchangeable sea creatures, but they also behave like terrestrial animals. Unlike whales, mammals that spend their entire lives in wet, sea lions inhabit both the irrigate and land throughout their lives. This aquatic land animal prefers the water for food, fun, and safety while preferring the land for socializing, territory, and procreation. Being mammals, they share many behaviors common to humans and other mammals. Like mammals, they are born with the ability to walk on land shortly after birth. Surprisingly, they are not born with the ability to swim from birth, but need to be taught by their mothers. Like other mammals, they know to stay in social groups. During their reproductive season, females are dominated by aggressive males, that establish harems on the beaches. The relationship between females and their pups is characterized by affection, protection, nourishment, and instructio n. In distinguish to their limited terrestrial mobility, they can swim much better than they can walk. Unlike other land mammals, they have the ability to sleep in water . The most interesting thing is that they can sleep in water by using one part of their headland, while the other part of their brain is asleep (Birds sleep with one eye open, half awake, study finds). Clearly, sea lions have adapted well to a both an aquatic and land life.Sea lions are parts of the seal family and in the class of Pinnipedia (Sea lion). They have external ear flaps and well-developed foreflippers and hind flippers (Sea lion). Their predators include killer whales, sharks and humans (Sea lion). Sea lions have several types such as Zolophous, Steller, etc. Stellar sea lions are t... ...nd more(prenominal) than in the sea. Unfortunately, some species of sea lions are declining and may become extinct so that it is time to save them by enacting laws for protecting them and encouraging people not to k ill them for commercial reasons. Birds Sleep with One Eye Open, Half Awake, Study Finds. CNN 5 Feb. 1999.Bruemmer, Fred. My Life Among Wild Pinnipeds. International Wildlife July-Aug. 1996 10-12.Peterson, Richard S., and George A. Bartholomew. The Natural History and Behavior of the atomic number 20 Sea Lion. Los Angeles American Society of Mammalogists, 1967.Sea Lion. Www.nhgs.tec.va.us/ptoption/sealion.html (1999)Sea Lion Bark Is Worse Than His Bite. Wysiwyg//104/http//www.letsfindout.com (1999)A Seals-Eye View of Undersea Hunt. MSNBC 11 Feb. 1999.Steller Sea Lion Distribution. US Department of Commerce (1999)

Drinking and Driving Essay -- essays papers, drunk driving, alcohol

Drinking and drive Should Blood Alcohol Percentages for drunkarden DrivingBe let down?Driving a vehicle while under the influence of inebriant is one of the most dangerous things you can do.Alcohol causes varying degrees of the following billet effectsin everyone who uses it dullness of sensation, get downsensory motor skills, lowered reactive or reflexive motorresponses, damage thought processes, impaired memory,impaired judgement, sleep or sleeplessness, and in extremecases can cause coma and death.(Hardcastle 1). Wouldanyone want a person on the road with these side affects.Alcoholics have scour worse side affects to alcohol. Look atthe picture above. How many times have you watched thenews and seen a reporter reporting at the scene of a drinkingand driving accident like this. How sad it is to think of oneman who died in such a accident. When he realized that hewas red ink to die, he asked his Mother Please take care ofmy babies. Keep them together as a family What i f thatwas a family member or friend or withal you? What wouldyou do if you lost any of these people? To lower thenumber of drinking and driving death and accidents in thiscountry we should lower the blood alcohol percentage. tribe die everyday in this country, but did youknow that Every 30 minutes someone in this country diesin an alcohol related crash.(Stone 1) If we lowered theblood alcohol level from .10 to 0.08 there would be fewerdrinking and driving accidents. mickle do not realize that ablood alcohol level of .10 makes you at high risk for gettingin an accident. At this level you will have Slowed reactiontimes, impaired motor functions, recklessness and daredevil behavior.(Hardcastl... ... keep the roads safe. This step insociety will impact the whole country and will therebydefine what is legal and intelligent drinking. Lowering theblood alcohol level might not change how people drink butit may in fact safe their life. People will never understand thedevastating effects it will have on a person until they losesomeone they love. BibliographyBerman, Rick. Should Blood Alcohol Percentages for Drunk Driving Be Lowered?. Reading and Writing Short Arguments. Ed. William Vesterman. California, Mountain View, 2000. 48-50.HardCastle, John. Impacts of Drinking and Driving. (1999) Abstract. 4 Dec. 2000 . 1-4.Stone Lee, Judith. Should Blood Alcohol Percentages for Drunk Driving Be Lowered?. Reading and Writing Short Arguments. Ed. William Vesterman. California, Mountain View, 2000. 46-47.

Drama Portfolio :: Drama

Drama PortfolioWhen I entered the stimulus room my initial reactions were that it hadbeen created in a agency that it made you think about what was going onwithin each persona of the room. For example none of the objects werestraightforward and simple to figure out. A lot of the items weresymbolic and had multiple meanings such as the mirror in the pastsection could mean a change of appearance or reflecting on the past.The room was divided into three different sections, past, present andfuture. There were sectionalisations in-between the sections and these in like mannerseemed to have meanings. I interpreted the whole room as world onepersons past, present and future and the room told this personsstory. The future section was covered by a large white cloth. On top sideof the cloth was a bench on which lay a shape that looked like a body.This instantly made me think of a funeral, as conterminous to the body was ahuge vase of flowers. Also in this section was a table set out for one, which I think indicates that the person who died was lonely whenthey died, as it is only set out for one. On the white cloth waspainted a large question mark, which I think was placed there to present the uncertainty of the future, and the mystery of death.Hanging up in the corner of this section was a larger than liferailway ticket that read On my way to meet Fiona. This gave me theidea that maybe Fiona was somebody that the dead person knew and shepassed away. Now that the mystery person has died too they are goingto meet them in heaven.The divider between this and the present section was a row of blanknewspapers on the floor, and I think these were put here to show thatit was the future section (as the newspapers seaportt been written yet)and maybe to imply that the person who died was important or famous(as their death was in the newspaper).In the middle of the room was the present section. In this section themain theme was time. There were pictures of melting clocks stuck tothe walls, on the floor and there was clock with no hands chalked onthe floor. There was also a working clock placed on the floor. I thinkall of these objects were to symbolise time passing by, and that timeis precious. Also in this section was a table laid out for two. Ithink this is to symbolise meeting someone maybe a partner or

European History - The Renaissance in Italy :: European Europe History

The spiritual rebirth in ItalyThe Italian Renaissance was called the beginning of the modern age. The word Renaissance itself is derived from the Latin word rinascere, which means to be reborn. Many dramatic changes occurred during this time in the fields of philosophy, art, politics, and literature. New emphasis was placed on enjoying life and the military man around you. Talented individuals sought self-gratification through art, literature, and architecture, and their achievments would influence future generations for centuries to come. This cracking new movement was originated and centered in Italy, and without Italian contribution, would never take aim launched European society into the dawning of a new era.At the beginning of the Renaissance, Italy was divided into some 250 self- governing city-states, ranging from small towns of 2,000 individuals, to some of the largest cities in Europe of that time, such(prenominal) as Florence, Milan, and Venice, each with 100,000 citize ns each. These city-states were loosely organized under the Pope, legal opinion out of Rome, although he had no real political control over the divided Italy. During the mid- 1300s and untimely 1400s, many large Italian cities came under the control of one family, such as the Visconti and later the Sforza families in Milan. The form of government established by the ruling families of the various Italian cities came to be known as signoria, with the chief official being called the signore. Soon , elaborate court systems, controlled by the ruling families, began to spring up in each city-state. At these courts, leading artists, intellectuals, and politicians gathered under the sponsorship of the signore and families.Other city states had a form of republicanism, such as Florence and Venice did. In these cities, a grouping of upper class families controlled the government, and often looked down upon the common residents of the town, considering them to be inferior. A Venetian observ er wrote about Florence during this timeThey be never content with their constitution, they are never quiet, and it seems that this city always desires change of constitution as so the government changes every fifteen years(Cole p.218)In Florence, which is perhaps considered the most meaning(a) center of Renaissance learning in history, the Medici family dominated the ruling class. Under Medici domination, Florence became a signorial power and a cultural gem stone. It was during the reign of Lorenzo de Medici , that many great painters, sculptors, and architects flocked to the Medici family looking for sponsorship, knowing that Lorenzo was a great supporter of the arts.

European History - The Renaissance in Italy :: European Europe History

The Renaissance in ItalyThe Italian Renaissance was called the beginning of the modern age. The word Renaissance itself is derived from the Latin word rinascere, which means to be reborn. Many dramatic changes occurred during this time in the fields of philosophy, art, politics, and literature. New emphasis was placed on enjoying life and the world close to you. Talented individuals sought self-gratification through art, literature, and architecture, and their achievments would influence future generations for centuries to come. This great new movement was originated and mettleed in Italy, and without Italian contribution, would never have launched European society into the dawning of a new era.At the beginning of the Renaissance, Italy was divided into some 250 self- governing city-states, ranging from small towns of 2,000 individuals, to some of the largest cities in Europe of that time, such as Florence, Milan, and Venice, each with 100,000 citizens each. These city-states were loosely organized under the Pope, ruling out of Rome, although he had no real political control over the divided Italy. During the mid- 1300s and early 1400s, many another(prenominal) large Italian cities came under the control of one family, such as the Visconti and later the Sforza families in Milan. The form of government established by the ruling families of the various(a) Italian cities came to be known as signoria, with the chief official being called the signore. Soon , elaborate court systems, controlled by the ruling families, began to spring up in each city-state. At these courts, leading artists, intellectuals, and politicians gathered under the sponsorship of the signore and families.Other city states had a form of republicanism, such as Florence and Venice did. In these cities, a group of amphetamine class families controlled the government, and often looked down upon the common residents of the town, considering them to be inferior. A Venetian observer wrote about Fl orence during this timeThey are never content with their constitution, they are never quiet, and it seems that this city always desires change of constitution as so the government changes every fifteen years(Cole p.218)In Florence, which is perhaps considered the most important center of Renaissance learning in history, the Medici family dominated the ruling class. Under Medici domination, Florence became a signorial power and a cultural gem stone. It was during the reign of Lorenzo de Medici , that many great painters, sculptors, and architects flocked to the Medici family spirit for sponsorship, knowing that Lorenzo was a great supporter of the arts.

Snake Venom

bitchiness Venom Types Methods of product Methods of Delivery Offense or Defense? Lethal injection or False alarm? Mysteries Warnings To nigh people maliciousness and ophidians go hand in hand. It is commonly believed that all snakes be malevolencyous, but this is an erroneous belief. Of the 2. 700 known species of snake only 300 be acrid. So what is bitchiness, how did snakes get it and why do they entertain it? These atomic number 18 questions that experience interested herpetologists and other scientists alike. Venom itself is a en maliciousness conceald by animals for either defensive or offensive purposes.Venom originated from digestive enzymes that were originally regain in the stomach. Throughout the millions of years it has progressed quite a lot and in some animals has become quite different from its origin. The part of maliciousness depends on the fibre of animal. In spiders cattiness is kept alternatively simple. It is pretty a good deal unspo iled digestive enzymes. Spiders engagement their malevolency to turn their hard shelled insect meals into small and nourishing goo. So in a sense one target entail of this oddball of venom as a form of sticking the digestive influence before you even start to eat the meal.In insects venom is used predominantly as a defensive weapon. Wasps, bees and ants use formic acid in their stings to defecate a painful burning sensation that will either shoot down or injure their enemy enough to pass on them think twice some attacking them again. Amphibians all use their venom for defense. In amphibians the venom is secreted by glands in the skin to make the animals unpalat commensurate. So as we can see venom is a predominantly defensive adaptation. An adaptation that has ready its look into both class of vertebrates except one. The birds the only class to forego both venom.In mammals we have platypi with deadly claws, then there be the fish which comprise too legion(predi cate) virulent species to count and finally we have the reptiles. All vicious reptiles atomic number 18 squamates and of them snakes make up the bulk. There atomic number 18 only two species of venomous squamates that are not snakes, the lizards of the genus Heloderma. These lizards use their venom for defense as well and can turn in powerful and painful bites. In snakes venom has found a saucily use, for offense. Since snake feed generally has the advantage of speed (not to say that snakes cant be speedy. A b leave out mamba traveling at 17 mph is nothing to sneezing at. snakes had to find a new way to foreshorten down their mark without go throughning the risk of losing them or getting too hurt in the process. discharge venom, a fast and effective mode of sub delinquenting prey items with minimal risk to the snake. Venom types Snake venom can be divided into two loose (yet fuzzy) categories. That of hemotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Hemotoxic venom effects the blood and organs, causing a breakdown or turmoil in the body. Hemotoxic bites are the most painful as breathing hurts and tissues start to die. Neurotoxic venom, as the score suggests, effect the nervous system, inclineing to everything from siezures to death.Neurotoxic bites are the most deadly. Although we have these two wonderful different categories, no snake fits tout ensemble in each. Many snakes incorporate both neurotoxic and hemotoxic venom in their bites so when telling them apart one goes by which type is more predominant. For character Ophiophagous hannah (King Cobra) has predominantly neurotoxic venom while genus Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern diamondback rattlesnake) has predominantly hemotoxic venom. Methods of return While getting bitten by a snake big businessman submit fear in people, the fangs are not where the venom comes from, they are mearly methods of transfer.The place where the venom is made is in special glands located on the head of the animal. The venom glan ds differentiate into false and true venom glands. False venom glands (a misleading name no doubt) are made up either from mucus producing supralabial glands that drop dead on either location of the head extending as a continuous clean from near the snout to below and well behind the eye. These then lead to several ducts that lead to the bases of many another(prenominal) maxillary odontiasis. Alethinophidians are known to have this type of arrangement. Most colubrids have a different arrangement.Rather than use those modified salivary glands they use a larger gland known as the Duvernoys gland. This gland is set(p) right under the skin, above and near the angle of the jaw. These glands open from a duct at the base of one or more posterior normally enlarged fangs that may or may not be grooved. These glands do not have a lumen (central storage chamber) so the snakes mustiness flow off a continous stream of venom into their prey which substance that they must continue to hold on to the animal to ensure envenomation. True venom glands are made uf thick connective tissue.They contain a lumen, a weaken compressor muscle and a duct connecting them to a single fang on each side of the jaw. These glands dominate all elapid snakes and viperids (along with some atractaspidids) Methods of Delivery Their are four briny types of teeth in snakes with which venom is transferred from gland to prey. While these forms seem to indicate a continual progression towards more complexity, they are misleading as it doesnt carry away into account the morphological variation in snake dentitions making for a paraphyletic occurence (that is they all thought up different ways to accomplish the same goal).Aglyphous snakes Aglyphous (grooveless) snakes wish any groove in their teeth for venom to run down. Instead the venom drips down the teeth from any available opening essentially saturating the maxillae. In order for envenomation to occur the snake must chew on its prey which is era consuming. Aglyphous snakes include blind snakes and some colubrids. Opisthoglyphous snakes Opisthoglyphous (rear grooved) snakes have elongate fangs located on the top of the back of their mouths. These fangs have a groove rill on the squint-eyed side of the fang which helps direct venom into the prey.Since the fangs are located posteriorly the snake must make a point of taking a big bite into its prey in order to assure envenomation. Colubrids make up the bulk of this group. Proteroglyphs Proteroglyphs (front groove) snakes are pretty practically all elapids with an occasional actractaspidid like Homoroselaps (Harlequin snakes). In proteroglyphs the groove has run so deep that both sides of the groove overlap eachother forming a bloodline for the venom to flow. A lumen is located at the base of the tooth where venom eagerly awaits ejection while a discharge orifice lay on one side near the tip.An adductor (jaw closing) muscle is tie to the glands so that when the snak e bites down the glands get squeezed and a stream of venom flows into the prey. These snakes are dictated fanged. That is to say they are unable to sheepfold up their fangs when not in use so the fangs must be kept short enough so as not to puncture the lower jaw. Interestingly enough fixed fanged elapids are known to hold onto their prey after biting. This would seem to defend a potential hazard for the snake, but the predominantly neurotoxic venom whole shebang so fast that the prey doesnt have enough time to struggle, thusly ensuring the snake its meal.Some cobra types such as the rinkhals (Hemachatus haemachatus) and many species of Afro-Asian cobras (Naja sp. ) have the qualification to spit their venom at predators. Their fang tips have beveled, circular (some generation pear shaped) apertures on the anterior surface just above the tip where the venom is ejected. African spitters go one stepped further. They have spiral grooves in their fangs that (like the riflings of a gun barrel) military unit a spin on the venom allowing for greater accuracy. This is only used in defense and is amazing effective as these snakes are adepth marksmen.By expending venom in these little droplets, the snake is guaranteed the maximum use of its (normally offensive) venom when battling a predator. How a good deal can these snakes spit before running out. Well one melanize necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) emptied its venom glands by spitting fifty seven times in only twenty minutes. Truly a force to be reckoned with. Solenoglyphous snakes Solenoglyphous (pipe grooved) snakes make up the viperidae and show some of the most specialized teeth for the job.Viperid fangs have the groove so deep now that the outside of the teeth completely cover it forming a pipe for venom to enter. The two fangs are attached to a short highly movable maxillary bone. This bone allows the snakes to fold their fangs up in their mouths. This ability to fold up the fangs allows for gre ater fang length. How much greater? Well compare a 3. 83-m Ophiophagous hannahs 11mm fangs to a 1. 8-m genus Bitis gabonica (Gaboon viper) with fangs measuring 29mm. important-looking no? Viperids have predominantly hemotoxic venom and as such, their bites take longer to take effect.Since the effect is longer, the snake cant risk holding onto the struggling prey for it would surely get hurt, but with their potent venom, quick strikes and hyperextendable fangs, these snakes are able to get in and out extremely fast. Not only can the fangs hyperextend (up to 1800) but with the separately jointed maxillae the fangs can move individually as well. So a viper can decide whether or not to move one fang or two. Inject one side or two. The amount of venom control in vipers is astounding as well as their venom reservoirs. The bulk of Bitis gabonicas head is its venom glands. ShockingOffense or Defense As tell before, snakes predominantly use their venom to capture prey, but when push comes to shove, venom can mean the difference between life and death. Snake defense is rather limited when one thinks about it. They cant outrun their predators, a lack of limbs means that gaining the leverage for tail whipping is rather impossible (pointless anyway seeing as how most snakes have rather small tails). Some snakes can secrete nasty substances that make them un urgencyed to be around. Others feign their own deaths, but in general the better(p) area of defense for snakes lies in their jaws.For a venomous snake, biting a predator means wasting precious venom a commodity that doesnt come without its price. Venom costs energy to make and takes a while to refill when empty. A snake would much rather save that venom for something worth it like food, so it takes quite a bit of jam to get a venomous snake to actually bite. In position it is for these reasons that venomous snakes have adopted so many warning strategies. From warning colors, to hoods, to rattles, venomous snakes d o everything in their power to avoid biting the enemy. In contrast a boid or other constrictor will readily bite in defense.While they lack venom, recurved teeth can be just as bad and since constrictors dont have to worry about wasting venom they can find oneself extra to bite all they want. Lethal injection or False alarm? along with warning well in advance, another common thing found in venomous snakes (especially viperids) is giving what is known as a dry bite. change bites occur when a snake like a rattler is control and forced to bite in defense. While the snake might be in last resort mode, it still has one more trick up its sleeve. Venomous snakes (true venomous snakes) have the ability to choose whether or not they want to inject venom into something.So if a rattlesnake bites a dog, it has the choice of either envenomating or bluffing the animal. In nature bluffs work much of the time and are the safest way for an animal to avoid a fight. By giving off a dry bite, veno mous snakes need not waste their venom supplies. In fact over half of all rattlesnake bites are dry ones. A very comforting thought. Mysteries of Venomous Snakes One of the strangest things about elapids and viperids is that they seem to have evolved venom that is too potent for their own well-grounded. For instance, a Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) injects its prey (a mouse) with 300 times more venom than is necessary.Or the Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) which injects enough venom in one bite to kill two hundred meter mice. Why the excess? No one knows for sure. Perhaps the mechanisms that produced the venom never had any buffers for how powerful it got. Since the evolution of new traits involves the constantly ascending path (new traits are only kept if beneficial to the organism) the fact that ever potent venom would always guarantee the quick death of the prey means that it would always be selected for and will be until something comes to counter it.While t his is a nice theory and all, there is an primal problem with it. Venomous snakes (of at least the elapid and viperid families) are able to meter out how much venom they intend to inject into their prey. So that Crotalus viridis is quite aware of the amount it is pumping into that mouse. Plus since venom replenishment is not the fastest thing (averaging between 4 days and terzetto weeks) injecting so much venom seems wasteful. Another theory proposed was that it the venom helps to begin the digestion process. Surely this seems fairish especially considered how venom effects tissue along with its origins.Yet that too does not will a perfect explanation for Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) which inject three to eight times more venom than necessary, end up with half of that venom lodged in the skin. So for now, the reasons behind the excess venom delivery by venomous snakes are still unknown. Warnings about venom While no psyche should actively go out and try to capture a ve nomous snake (without good reason) in the even that one finds said snake, the best precautions are to examine the encounter. If youre far enough away to leave then feel free to do so, you need not worry about the snake side by side(p) you.If youre practically stepping on the snake things could be worse. At that point though one usually finds that one has been bitten. If bitten make sure to ID the snake. Remember as much as possible about it. For an idea of the type of venom that might have been injected in you consider the area that you are at and how the snake looked. Vipers, due to their large venom glands, have heart shaped heads. Elapids have nice thin heads. Colubrids are harder to tell apart from elapids, but a venomous elapid will give warning or have some type of forewarning available.Colubrid bites normally dont kill and are more a pain than anything else. Viper bites can be deadly and normally are very painful. Elapid bites are extremely lethal and antivenin treatment is a must if bitten. Although all this seems scary, its best to remember that no venomous snake will attack without relentless provocation. Look for the warning signs and watch where you step and you should be fine. Also remember many bites given are dry, so just because you were bitten doesnt mean you were envenomated. A good rule of thumb when dealing with a scared or cornered snake is that the last thing its going to want to do is bite.Venom Venom Types Methods of Production Methods of Delivery Offense or Defense? Lethal injection or False alarm? Mysteries Warnings To most people venom and snakes go hand in hand. It is commonly believed that all snakes are venomous, but this is an erroneous belief. Of the 2. 700 known species of snake only 300 are venomous. So what is venom, how did snakes get it and why do they have it? These are questions that have interested herpetologists and other scientists alike. Venom itself is a poison secreted by animals for either defensive or offensive purposes.Venom originated from digestive enzymes that were originally located in the stomach. Throughout the millions of years it has progressed quite a lot and in some animals has become quite different from its origin. The type of venom depends on the type of animal. In spiders venom is kept rather simple. It is pretty much just digestive enzymes. Spiders use their venom to turn their hard shelled insect meals into nice and nutritious goo. So in a sense one can think of this type of venom as a form of starting the digestive process before you even start to eat the meal.In insects venom is used predominantly as a defensive weapon. Wasps, bees and ants use formic acid in their stings to cause a painful burning sensation that will either kill or injure their enemy enough to make them think twice about attacking them again. Amphibians all use their venom for defense. In amphibians the venom is secreted through glands in the skin to make the animals unpalatable. So as we can see venom is a predominantly defensive adaptation. An adaptation that has found its way into every class of vertebrates except one. The birds the only class to forego any venom.In mammals we have platypi with venomous claws, then there are the fish which comprise too many venomous species to count and finally we have the reptiles. All venomous reptiles are squamates and of them snakes make up the bulk. There are only two species of venomous squamates that are not snakes, the lizards of the genus Heloderma. These lizards use their venom for defense as well and can deliver powerful and painful bites. In snakes venom has found a new use, for offense. Since snake prey generally has the advantage of speed (not to say that snakes cant be speedy. A black mamba traveling at 17 mph is nothing to sneeze at. snakes had to find a new way to take down their prey without running the risk of losing them or getting too hurt in the process. Enter venom, a fast and effective mode of subdueing prey items with m inimal risk to the snake. Venom types Snake venom can be divided into two broad (yet fuzzy) categories. That of hemotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Hemotoxic venom effects the blood and organs, causing a breakdown or inflammation in the body. Hemotoxic bites are the most painful as breathing hurts and tissues start to die. Neurotoxic venom, as the name suggests, effect the nervous system, leading to everything from siezures to death.Neurotoxic bites are the most deadly. Although we have these two wonderful different categories, no snake fits completely in each. Many snakes incorporate both neurotoxic and hemotoxic venom in their bites so when telling them apart one goes by which type is more predominant. For instance Ophiophagous hannah (King Cobra) has predominantly neurotoxic venom while Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern diamondback rattlesnake) has predominantly hemotoxic venom. Methods of production While getting bitten by a snake might strike fear in people, the fangs are not where the venom comes from, they are mearly methods of transfer.The place where the venom is made is in special glands located on the head of the animal. The venom glands differentiate into false and true venom glands. False venom glands (a misleading name no doubt) are made up either from mucus producing supralabial glands that run on either side of the head extending as a continuous strip from near the snout to below and well behind the eye. These then lead to several ducts that lead to the bases of many maxillary teeth. Alethinophidians are known to have this type of arrangement. Most colubrids have a different arrangement.Rather than use those modified salivary glands they use a larger gland known as the Duvernoys gland. This gland is situated right under the skin, above and near the angle of the jaw. These glands open from a duct at the base of one or more posterior usually enlarged fangs that may or may not be grooved. These glands do not have a lumen (central storage chamber) so the sn akes must give off a continous stream of venom into their prey which means that they must continue to hold on to the animal to ensure envenomation. True venom glands are made uf thick connective tissue.They contain a lumen, a separate compressor muscle and a duct connecting them to a single fang on each side of the jaw. These glands dominate all elapids and viperids (along with some atractaspidids) Methods of Delivery Their are four main types of teeth in snakes with which venom is transferred from gland to prey. While these forms seem to indicate a continual progression towards more complexity, they are misleading as it doesnt take into account the morphological variation in snake dentitions making for a paraphyletic occurence (that is they all thought up different ways to accomplish the same goal).Aglyphous snakes Aglyphous (grooveless) snakes lack any groove in their teeth for venom to run down. Instead the venom drips down the teeth from any available opening essentially saturat ing the maxillae. In order for envenomation to occur the snake must chew on its prey which is time consuming. Aglyphous snakes include blind snakes and some colubrids. Opisthoglyphous snakes Opisthoglyphous (rear grooved) snakes have elongate fangs located on the top of the back of their mouths. These fangs have a groove running on the lateral side of the fang which helps direct venom into the prey.Since the fangs are located posteriorly the snake must make a point of taking a big bite into its prey in order to assure envenomation. Colubrids make up the bulk of this group. Proteroglyphs Proteroglyphs (front groove) snakes are pretty much all elapids with an occasional actractaspidid like Homoroselaps (Harlequin snakes). In proteroglyphs the groove has run so deep that both sides of the groove overlap eachother forming a channel for the venom to flow. A lumen is located at the base of the tooth where venom eagerly awaits ejection while a discharge orifice lay on one side near the tip .An adductor (jaw closing) muscle is attached to the glands so that when the snake bites down the glands get squeezed and a stream of venom flows into the prey. These snakes are fixed fanged. That is to say they are unable to fold up their fangs when not in use so the fangs must be kept short enough so as not to puncture the lower jaw. Interestingly enough fixed fanged elapids are known to hold onto their prey after biting. This would seem to present a potential hazard for the snake, but the predominantly neurotoxic venom works so fast that the prey doesnt have enough time to struggle, thus ensuring the snake its meal.Some cobra types such as the rinkhals (Hemachatus haemachatus) and many species of Afro-Asian cobras (Naja sp. ) have the ability to spit their venom at predators. Their fang tips have beveled, circular (sometimes pear shaped) apertures on the anterior surface just above the tip where the venom is ejected. African spitters go one stepped further. They have spiral groo ves in their fangs that (like the riflings of a gun barrel) force a spin on the venom allowing for greater accuracy. This is only used in defense and is amazing effective as these snakes are adepth marksmen.By expending venom in these little droplets, the snake is guaranteed the maximum use of its (normally offensive) venom when battling a predator. How often can these snakes spit before running out. Well one black necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) emptied its venom glands by spitting fifty seven times in only twenty minutes. Truly a force to be reckoned with. Solenoglyphous snakes Solenoglyphous (pipe grooved) snakes make up the viperidae and show some of the most specialized teeth for the job.Viperid fangs have the groove so deep now that the outside of the teeth completely cover it forming a pipe for venom to enter. The two fangs are attached to a short highly movable maxillary bone. This bone allows the snakes to fold their fangs up in their mouths. This ability to fold u p the fangs allows for greater fang length. How much greater? Well compare a 3. 83-m Ophiophagous hannahs 11mm fangs to a 1. 8-m Bitis gabonica (Gaboon viper) with fangs measuring 29mm. Impressive no? Viperids have predominantly hemotoxic venom and as such, their bites take longer to take effect.Since the effect is longer, the snake cant risk holding onto the struggling prey for it would surely get hurt, but with their potent venom, quick strikes and hyperextendable fangs, these snakes are able to get in and out extremely fast. Not only can the fangs hyperextend (up to 1800) but with the separately jointed maxillae the fangs can move individually as well. So a viper can decide whether or not to move one fang or two. Inject one side or two. The amount of venom control in vipers is astounding as well as their venom reservoirs. The bulk of Bitis gabonicas head is its venom glands. ShockingOffense or Defense As stated before, snakes predominantly use their venom to capture prey, but whe n push comes to shove, venom can mean the difference between life and death. Snake defense is rather limited when one thinks about it. They cant outrun their predators, a lack of limbs means that gaining the leverage for tail whipping is rather impossible (pointless anyway seeing as how most snakes have rather small tails). Some snakes can secrete nasty substances that make them unwanted to be around. Others feign their own deaths, but in general the best area of defense for snakes lies in their jaws.For a venomous snake, biting a predator means wasting precious venom a commodity that doesnt come without its price. Venom costs energy to make and takes a while to refill when empty. A snake would much rather save that venom for something worth it like food, so it takes quite a bit of pressing to get a venomous snake to actually bite. In fact it is for these reasons that venomous snakes have adopted so many warning strategies. From warning colors, to hoods, to rattles, venomous snakes do everything in their power to avoid biting the enemy. In contrast a boid or other constrictor will readily bite in defense.While they lack venom, recurved teeth can be just as bad and since constrictors dont have to worry about wasting venom they can feel free to bite all they want. Lethal injection or False alarm? Along with warning well in advance, another common thing found in venomous snakes (especially viperids) is giving what is known as a dry bite. Dry bites occur when a snake like a rattler is cornered and forced to bite in defense. While the snake might be in last resort mode, it still has one more trick up its sleeve. Venomous snakes (true venomous snakes) have the ability to choose whether or not they want to inject venom into something.So if a rattlesnake bites a dog, it has the choice of either envenomating or bluffing the animal. In nature bluffs work much of the time and are the safest way for an animal to avoid a fight. By giving off a dry bite, venomous snakes ne ed not waste their venom supplies. In fact over half of all rattlesnake bites are dry ones. A very comforting thought. Mysteries of Venomous Snakes One of the strangest things about elapids and viperids is that they seem to have evolved venom that is too potent for their own good. For instance, a Western rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) injects its prey (a mouse) with 300 times more venom than is necessary.Or the Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) which injects enough venom in one bite to kill two hundred thousand mice. Why the excess? No one knows for sure. Perhaps the mechanisms that produced the venom never had any buffers for how powerful it got. Since the evolution of new traits involves the constantly ascending path (new traits are only kept if beneficial to the organism) the fact that ever potent venom would always guarantee the quick death of the prey means that it would always be selected for and will be until something comes to counter it.While this is a nice theory an d all, there is an underlying problem with it. Venomous snakes (of at least the elapid and viperid families) are able to meter out how much venom they intend to inject into their prey. So that Crotalus viridis is quite aware of the amount it is pumping into that mouse. Plus since venom replenishment is not the fastest thing (averaging between 4 days and three weeks) injecting so much venom seems wasteful. Another theory proposed was that it the venom helps to begin the digestion process. Surely this seems reasonable especially considered how venom effects tissue along with its origins.Yet that too does not give a perfect explanation for Brown tree snakes (Boiga irregularis) which inject three to eight times more venom than necessary, end up with half of that venom lodged in the skin. So for now, the reasons behind the excess venom delivery by venomous snakes are still unknown. Warnings about venom While no person should actively go out and try to capture a venomous snake (without go od reason) in the even that one finds said snake, the best precautions are to examine the encounter. If youre far enough away to leave then feel free to do so, you need not worry about the snake following you.If youre practically stepping on the snake things could be worse. At that point though one usually finds that one has been bitten. If bitten make sure to ID the snake. Remember as much as possible about it. For an idea of the type of venom that might have been injected in you consider the area that you are at and how the snake looked. Vipers, due to their large venom glands, have heart shaped heads. Elapids have nice thin heads. Colubrids are harder to tell apart from elapids, but a venomous elapid will give warning or have some type of forewarning available.Colubrid bites normally dont kill and are more a pain than anything else. Viper bites can be deadly and normally are very painful. Elapid bites are extremely lethal and antivenin treatment is a must if bitten. Although all this seems scary, its best to remember that no venomous snake will attack without severe provocation. Look for the warning signs and watch where you step and you should be fine. Also remember many bites given are dry, so just because you were bitten doesnt mean you were envenomated. A good rule of thumb when dealing with a scared or cornered snake is that the last thing its going to want to do is bite.

Much Ado About Nothing Notes

Much Ado About NothingRomantic clowning * Much Ado about Nothing * Love and War Love as Warstarts with soldiers coming back from war and wanting bash love becomes a battlefield * Young Lovers Claudio and gun for hire * Not(h)ing Messina Confusions of Appearance and Reality * Love and War Love as War * 1. 1 World waiting for the sire of youth and love * Learn of soldiers even before they enter scene * Youthful Claudio, ll. 12-16 benedick (older man) introduced by Beatrice, ll. 28-9he is being introduced by mockery Beatrice makes the trick and marks her different from the other women in the playshe is loud, jokes about men, able to fight with words, witty, and Benedick is the same way * Beatrice and Benedicks merry war, ll. 56-9 * militant creation replaced by merry one * What happens when skills necessary for success on the field of battle enter domestic world? * Romantic Couples * Potential Lovers Claudio and adept (make up the main plot, but some of the least interesting cha racters in the playrelatively quiet) * Beatrice and Benedick (subplotto a greater extent mature, more worldly, and they are much more talkative/interesting) * Claudio and Hero * Claudios first line in play introduces interest in Hero, l. l. 154-70 Note * To matter notice of to consider or case carefully to pay attention to to mark (OED 5. a) * To become aware of to notice or perceive mentally to be struck by (OED 5. b) * Claudio and Hero * temper of Claudios love? ll. 278-289 Contrast amongst affections prior to and post military action * Hesitancy to use the word love * Don Pedros designing (ll. 300-312) * Disguise (Pedro says he go out disguise as Claudio for the ball and approach Hero) * seduction as military action * World of the Play Messina * Place of correctitude and hospitality * Disguise, deceit runs rampant through play * Inability to distinguish between appearance and reality predominant feature of life in the world of play 1) Not(h)ing Messina Confusion of Appeara nce and Reality 2) Educating Young Lovers From Appearances to Faith ) Merry Warriors Beatrice and Benedick * World of the Play Messina * GossipOverhearing, mishearing, and eavesdroppingcentral to play * Nothing and noting to take notice of to consider or study carefully to pay attention to mark (OED 5. a) * Pedros plan to woo for Claudio sets off chain reaction of misapprehensions * 1. 2 Antonio tells Leonato that Pedro plans to woo Hero for himself (when in reality, Claudio is trying to woo her) * 1. 3 Borachio overhears Pedro and Claudio discussing plan, tells Don John the Bastard (Don John gets the story right * 2. 1 Wooing by proxy * Masquerade/Disguise (dance to welcome back the soldiers) * Deceiving Claudio Don John and Borachio, ll. 155-63 (they pretend he is Benedick) * Claudios soliloquy ll. 164-74 * Does not question what he has been told Tis trustworthy so. (The prince woos for himself) * Love as impediment to friendship * Eye as lover (synecdoche A figure by which a mo re comprehensive term is utilise for a less comprehensive or vice versa as whole for part or part for whole, genus for species or species for genus, etc. (OED)) * Goes simply by what he sees Valediction (or rejection) to Hero * Leonato (Heros father) gives Claudio Heros hand, ll. 285-299 * Couple silent, must be prompted to speak * Beatrice cues them to speak * Hero is silent sense of youthful astonishment or amazement * they are overwhelmed and ignorant * Educating Young Lovers From Appearances to Faith * False Hero, Take Two Don Johns spectacle of infidelity * Claudios riddle with trust, 3. 2. 111-3 * Shame Hero publicly In plain view of all * 4. 1 Broken Marriage Ceremony * Claudio returns bride to father ll. 29-41 The blush sign of purity or experience? * Innocence How could you say these things? * Experience Busted * Exterior shows of virtue (39) * He takes it as guilt, not as innocence * He is completely wrong. She is innocent. * Claudios second valediction to Hero, ll. 99-107 * speaks to his youthfulness that he is so easily swayed by only outward appearances * Re-educating Claudio * 5. 1 Realization of mis-noting (He is wrong. Learns of Don Johns lies) * 5. 3 Mourning ceremony (spends night at tomb of Hero) * Agrees to marry Heros cousin without seeing or knowing her. Claudio publicly retracts slander ll. 3-10 * In death, shame trans runed into fame (Hero has become a hero through death) * Night gives way to dawn (shifts from grieving to hope cover of darkness or confusion to a wrapping up of the play) * 5. 4 Heros Resurrection * Scene re-works and reverses 2. 1 (masked ball) womens identities concealed by masks * Ceremony corrects Claudios initial error, in which he identified and valued Hero by outward signs * Merry Warriors Beatrice and Benedick * Beatrice I pray you, is Signor Montanto returned from the wars of no? (1. 1. 28-9) * Opening exchange between host and guests takes bawdy turn, ll. 90-106 * Joking suggests male suspicion of female sexual inconstancy * Doubting Womens Constancy * A womans well-heeled heart, but no acquainted / With shifting change, as is false womens fashion (Sonnet 20, 3-4) * stag, ry A derisive name for the husband of an unfaithful wife (OED 1) * view that deceived husband would grow horns which would reveal him to his community as a dupe of his wife and her lover * Fear of Being Cuckolded Horns (bovine rather than antlers) associated with visibility make things seen * Cuckold is emasculated, not merely by having his place taken by another, but in being rendered vulnerable to representation * Husband becomes spectacle of ignorance to all around him * oral Energy of Warring Words * Public protestations against love * Benedick vows to live as bachelor 1. 1. 227-256 * Beatrice against falling in love 2. 1. 5-17, 40-60 * Shared sentiments (and wit) mark Beatrice and Benedick as suited for one another * Gender and Speech Claudio on match with Hero 1. 1. 278-80 * Marriage as alliance * Economic concerns bind women * paternal (patriarchalseems like there are only dads in Shakespeares plays) desires seem to govern womens speech * Gulling the Reluctant Lovers * to pass the time prior to the spousal relationship of Hero and Claudio, Don Pedro Proposes another theatrical interlude (trick) 2. 1. 342-366 * Tricking couple involves making them a spectacle, a form of comedic entertainment without their awareness * Matching Beatrice and Benedick involves form of structural cuckolding * 2. hands Hunt Benedick * Tricksters pretend to speak truth, while Benedick notes their conversation (so he can listen in on their conversation) * Men describe Beatrices suffering from unrequited love, ll. 87-119 * to gull to make a gull of to dupe, cheat, befool, take in, deceive (v. 3, def. 1) * Leonatos authority and Heros virtue convince Benedick of truth * Benedick transformed, ll. 210-33 * Enumeration of Beatrices virtues contrasts Claudios interest in appearance * Converted into lover for I will be horribly in love with her (l. 23) * 3. 1 Women Snare Beatrice * Actresses follow Don Pedros script (? are they actually following the script) * Silent Hero? ll. 34-36, 47-56, 60-70, 72-80 * Focus on Beatrices faults rather than Benedicks virtues * Beatrice to temper her voice to Benedicks wishes, ll. 107017) * New Alliances Repudiation scene (4. 1) * All uncertainty Hero but witty lovers (Beatrice and Benedick) * Beatrice tests Benedicks love, ll. 262-289 * Kill Claudio (288)

Food and Safety Bulletin Essay

Public service bulletin, it has been reported to the city department of health on how the fall out is experiencing numerous of aliment-borne illnesses. However, the food-borne illnesses have raised some serious for the health department and in dealing with this illnesses the community needs to be educated on exoteric food safety. Recognizing several common concerns connected to food purchase, storage, and presentation, explains several illnesses or crises the safety problem whitethorn affect to avoid the illnesses or crises and recommendation for where somebody who reads may search for more information. Include criteria that readers mustiness use to determine creditable sources of information, explain why it is classic for readers to use criteria when searching for information on nutrition (Wardlaw, Smith, 2009). Identify Common Safety IssuesHowever, food poisoning can produce critical illness, but individuals can protect themselves and their family. In other vocalize germs suc h as E.coli, salmonella, and listeria usually cause food poisoning. However, these pathogens usually relates with meat and fowl products, although the pathogens are capable of making their fashion into fresh produce done disaster or accidents while they are harvested, within the resource where they are managed or in local food market store. Meanwhile, cheese may be polluted with pathogens, but cheese and produce also has been subject as a food recall. * When shopping for groceries please consider recent recall items. Some stories may come through the news to reach community, so pay close attention to those stories, and remember them while making out a grocery list. revel be sound judgementful that recall food take place on a regular basis however, recalls frequently affects a minor portion of food in certain area. * Before purchasing food inspect it as well as making original meat, poultry, produce and cheese has its proper wile and no detectable signs ofgrime. Pay attention to cheese and vegetables when attempting to eat raw however, cooking is simply a good way to go to be sure pathogens have been destroy. * One must store their poultry, meat, and cheese in the refrigerator or freezer as soon as they arrive home. However, the refrigerator must maintain a temperature less than 40 degrees and the freezer, however, has to maintain a temperatures of less than 32 degrees. Some produce items are non requiring be in the refrigerator but it is when the grocery store kept these specific food item at a cooler temperature. However, please keep in mind the great unwashed should clean their vegetables thoroughly before cooking. Although it is not required to wash meat or poultry products prior to cooking, but always keep in mind to clean vegetables and wash their skins with a scrub brush prior to eating. * In addition, to this be sure to cook carefully as well as being mindful of cross-contamination threats each time a meal is prepared. Be sure to use different cutting boards and knives when cutting up meat and vegetables. Another important fact makes sure different cooking utensils are used for uncooked and cooked foods, mainly meats. Make certain e genuinelything he or she prepare to cook look into a safe inside temperature that changes bases on the certain food item a person is cooking. Describe Illnesses or Problems SafetyHowever, restoring the loss of fluid and electrolytes as well as maintaining the fluid intake are worthy. When cooking meat, poultry, and eggs please cook these products well-done. Cross contamination with food is not healthy way to cook which, means avoid cross-contaminating foods by means of washing hands, cooking tools, cutting boards after these utensils has been used for raw meat as well as poultry and prior to the of another food. Be sure to wash all produce. In other word, wash all fresh fruits and vegetables in running wiretap water to eliminate noticeable and unnoticeable grimes and dirt. At a room temperat ure bacteria can grow very fast, refrigerate food leftover if not eaten within four hours. Credible Source of Nutritional InformationHowever, there is resource that community rely on such as MyPyramid.gov, WeightWatcher.com and MayoClinic.com however, these sites or very helpful for you and your family. It shows the portions amount one must content on their plate as well as their intake. This information would help thecommunity understands the safety issues when grocery shopping and cooking different type of foods.ReferencesMichaelson, A. (2011, May ). How to Identtify Some Common Safety Issues Related to Food Purchase, Storage and Preparation. Retrieved February 5, 2012, from eHow.

Principles of Business Administration Essay

Both employees and employers need to benefit sure that they ar fully aware of their surroundings and to make sure that they are not chthonian the influence of any drugs or alcohol while at work. Alongside face-to-face conduct employees and employers need to make sure they take on some angiotensin-converting enzymeal action, they need to be able to action when needed and not wait for someone else to take control of a situation. As an employer one way they give the gate make sure that the environment is secure and safe if by finding out the information i. . who is in charge of first aid where are the main health and safety concerns within the building and most importantly knowing who to contact when need to if there is a major issue. Santander is an example of a companionship who made sure that security is top of the game, the reason for this is this company deals with thousands of customers account details may it be for credit cards or store cards, all(prenominal) member of ply are put through training which explains all about data protection and what to do and not to do.The ways in which staffs are told to deal with the accounts are as follows- When contacting customer may it be from an outbound call or an inbound call all staff need to make sure that they advice the customers that calls may be recorded for future reference, then they must ask the customers security questions to make sure that they are speaking to the correct person (this place be hard as sometimes it is difficult to fully know if the person you are talking to is the correct person).Once this has been confirmed the employee can go on and explain to customer that they are in arrears and take payment to and note customers account, there are occasions when the payment system depart not respond and the employees would have to write down the customers details on these occasions the customers would be aware and if they were happy information would be taken and imputed afterward on the in formation would then be placed in a specific bin which is collected one every week where all individual(prenominal) or private information is destroyed.Other things employees are told is when leaving the computer they need to make sure that they lock their screen this way no one is able to get a copy of any of the customers details, if the employee has any paper work laying around they also need to make sure that this is locked apart if the information has any customers details on. Due to the amount if accounts that fall into arrears there are staff who mainly deal with the store cards and credit cards, these staff are aware not to talk about account holders details, when calling the customer they need to amek sure they complete security questions

Communication Essay

Companies often organize their departments into teams that support each other to complete tasks or projects. When working in groups, communication is vital to the success of the team. Teams mustiness work well individually as well as a members of a team. Communication on an individual level differs from communication within a group. Individually, you must actively listen and insure accurate understanding, offer to help solve problems, and focus on not being distracted by your bear emotions.You cannot allow your emotions to distract you or cause you to miss the key points or misinterpret information. As an individual you must attend all group meetings, render feedback and input to the discussions, and be respectful to others input and views. It is fundamental that everyone in the group understand their role and responsibilities to the group. Everyone must contribute to discussions and meetings, and there should not be all silent members.To promote group discussion, you can start by going around the group and allowing each someone to speak. This will allow each person a chance to be involved in the discussion and will spark topics of discussion. When working in a group, conflicts usually arise and should be dealt with today and directly. Ignoring conflict or disagreements will cause the team to be lose focus, become less productive. Most conflicts result from poor communication and misinterpretations.To resolve conflicts, it is important to locate where the break-down in communication happened. By talking through the conflict with the members of the group, and redefining tasks and objectives, the team can resolve these types of issues. To foster good communication within a group every member must listen to each other, work collaboratively to make decisions, adapt to changes and communication styles, assign specific tasks, set clear deadlines and expectations, and breeding follow-up meetings to review.

Criminal Profiling Questions Essay

1. Analyze inducive/deductive reasoning.Inductive sinful investigative assessments The inductive approach to pen is a based on the simple premise that If certain crimes pull by different population are similar, then the offenders must also parcel of land some type of personality traits. (Holmes & Holmes, 2009) Inductive reasoning seems to be the more scientific of the two as it is strictly based on criminals that have committed the same or same type of crime. It is much quicker as it is strictly based upon statistics and easily conducted (with the proper databases) searches based on the types of crimes. When you combine the ease and the speed at which it can be done, it would seem it would be a foregone conclusion that this is the technique to use.However, inductive assessments are not completely honest due to no connection to the current crime and strictly relegated to using similar facts and types of crimes to aid in creating a profile. deductive criminal investigative asses sments From a thorough analysis of the crime shooter and the evidence left at the crime scene, the profiler is able to construct a mental picture of the unknown offender. (Holmes & Holmes, 2009). Deductive profiling is based upon the artistic ability of putting together the available information and picturing the events that occurred and the offenders that committed these events. Deductive profiling is more complex and takes seven-day to conduct a thorough enough investigation to begin putting the pieces together to form the entire puzzle.Deductive profiling is much more reliable as it is based on information pertinent to the specific crime committed and not simply based upon similar types of crime that are typically not in any way related to the current crime being investigated. The most popular form of profiling is a combined inductive/deductive profiling. Using inductive profiling, you would compile statistics about similar crimes and use the similarities between the multiple offenders and begin to form the outline of your profile. Using the crime scene information, you would then begin to evaluate from a perspective that is specific to your crime scene and not based on similarities in crimes. Upon completion of using your criminal database to build you outline, you would then apply the specific data derived from the crime scene and begin to apply the details of the offender to complete your profile.Holmes, R. and Holmes, S. (2009). Profiling Violent Crimes, an investigatory Tool (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications, Inc.2. marks of criminal profiling1. take into account the Criminal Justice system with a social and psychological assessment of the offender.Goal 1 is to provide a detailed assessment of the offender which should include specifics (i.e. race, gender, employment, age range, etc.) that narrows the possibilities in which law enforcement can focus their efforts and reduce the scope of the investigation.2. Provide the Criminal Justic e systems with a Psychological evaluation of belongings found in the possession of the offender.Goal 2 is specific to the physical evidence and relevant information in a case and how it relates to the specific offenders psychological profile. This will help in the case by adding to the offenders profile and by helping derive locations, times, etc..3. Provide interviewing suggestions and strategies.Goal 3 is to help investigators get to the ground truth, through different methods, during the interrogation process. Different types of people respond to different stimulus, therefore different strategies must be emplaced based upon multiple categories your offender falls into.

Life in Spain in the Golden Age

The Spanish Society during their grand AgeThe golden age of Spain does non exactly refer to tremendous economic growth or an excellent era of monarchial rule in peace and prosperity rather it refers to the rule of Charles II, which was characterized by the enervating of the Castile, and the deterioratingSpanish crown. According to Sedney Donell (2003), during this time, the Castilian privileged classes in various provinces of the Monarchy took advantage of the weakened Monarchy and began to take the affairs of the majestic state in their own hands, which later came to be known as the golden age of Spain (Donell 2003, p. 151). Spanish society during this time was in confusion and this was aggravated by the impact of feminization that was creating confusion on the role of men in the society.How ordinary Life was for themLife in Spain during the golden age was not ordinary as people experienced acute economin difficulty due to severe economic diminution because of wars. Marcelin De fourneaux (1979) cited demographic statistics, which proves beyond doubt that there was steep decline in the towns which formerly- and recently- had played such a vital role in the economic life of the country (Defourneaux 1979, p. 92). Defourneaux noted during Philip II Spains prosperity was ruined by the waning of the Spanish economy and people had to survive mainly on knowledge base products as most of their industries had collapsed.What I could point out about Spains society during this time is that theirs was a stubborn society. Despite of the failures of their rulers to bring them peace and prosperity, they remained loyal to their Monarchs. A case in point was the collapsed of Charles II rule only to be replaced by a more inefficient king.Explain the Reason why Spain was like that in the Golden AgeThere had been several reasons why Spain was economically in inconvenience during their golden age. Among these reasons were corruptions, wars, gender issue, and ineffective leader ship. William H. Robinson and Jordi Falgas however, cited that Barcelona and Madrid suffered economic decline due to trade monopoly of King Ferdinand of Argon- Catalonia and Isabella of Castile Robinson & Falgas 2006, p. 5). all(prenominal) this contributed to the economic problem that Spain had suffered during their so-called golden age.Work CitedDefourneaux, M., (1979) Daily life in the Golden Age. atomic number 20 Stanford UniversityPress.Donell, S., Feminizing the Enemy Imperian Spain, Transvestite Dramma, and the Crises. . USA Bucknell University Press.Knight, C., (1840) Penny Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge. London Encyclopedias &Dictionaries

Closing a person centred counselling session Essay

Explain the importance of closing a academic sessionEach guidance session is likely to be emotive which will leave the knob vulnerable to the outside world of the counselling room. Since some difficult topics are likely to be discussed and the client is likely to express a variety of emotions, it can be hard to bring a session to an end. Some condemnations it can feel that the timing of the endings is insensitive to the clients needs. It is extremely important to summarise accurately and sensitively to confirm to the client that they have been heard. It demonstrates empathy and understanding and it allows for clarification where necessary. Even when a client is aware of the time boundary, they can be so absorbed in talking about something deeply emotional. It is important to re- stop the client that they are welcome to discuss this in more depth at the next meeting. final stage the session gives the client opportunity to confirm practical details for further sessions, such as d ates, times, name of further sessions needed. This will define boundaries and make the client feel safe and establish trust that the advocator has a commitment to helping the client resolve theirExplain the possible impact of diversity on the use of counselling skills in a session.Prejudice is, for good or ill, a part of our nature. It is instilled in us from birth onwards. All we can hope to do is to combat it, and the first tool in our armoury must be that of awareness. Without this, it is very difficult, perhaps impossible, for the counsellor to explore how it might be influencing the counselling relationship.Difference, prejudice and discrimination are issues that all counsellors need to address as part of their personal and pro development. Counsellor need support and training on these complex issues as this will help the counselling understand the experience of discrimination, as well as explore their own often unconscious attitudes to others, found on gender, sexuality , race, culture or mental health, social class, biological sex, gender-role identity, marital status and values and religion.

My college essay Essay

Your GPA, grad rank, SATI and SATII scores are all important to a college admissions officer in dishing to assess your pedantic abilities. But they are only rime they have no personality. What quarter make your application plump for apart are the personal auditions. The college essay stick out allow an admissions officer to look beyond those numbers and deliberate you as a person. A well-written essay should convey your thoughts, attitudes, personal qualities, imagination, sense of humor and creativity. It will round out the rest of your application and help you stand out from other applicants.In the end, it is whiz of the only parts of your application over which you have complete control, so it is important to take the clip to do your dress hat work. WRITING THE ESSAY To write a college essay, drug abuse the same three-step process that you would use to write an essay for class first prewrite, then draft, and finally, edit. Taking the time for this process will help you to identify a focus for your essay and gather details youll need to support it. Prewriting To start, you need to tog out potential ideas for the main points of your essay.Since the purpose of the essay is to share more about you with the admissions dean, begin with YOU. Brainstorm for a few minutes, reservation a list of your strengths and outstanding characteristics. Focus on your strengths of personality, not your accomplishments (i. e. , you are responsible, not an Eagle Scout committed, not a three-year starter for the basketball team). Your accomplishments are important, but more appropriate for the activities section of the application. Discover your strengths by doing a little research about yourself.Ask friends, parents and teachers what they see as your strengths. Create an outline, listing several pieces of evidence from your life next to each of the strengths that you have discovered to prove your point. Look for patterns and connections in the information that yo u have brainstormed. Group similar ideas and events to repairher in crystalline ways (i. e. , was basketball more about the sport or about the friendships? Does your passion for numbers disposition itself in your performance in the state math competition and your summer job at the computing device store?Drafting Getting started is often the hardest part of essay writing. Use the information that you have conditioned about yourself in the prewriting phase to jump-start the process. While drafting, your job is to further organize this information into a typical essay with an introduction, the body of the essay, and conclusion. The introduction gives your reader an idea of the essays contents and can be short when you need to be concise. Often a vivid sentence is sufficient, such as My favorite science project was a complete failure. The body presents the evidence that supports your main idea. Use tale and details about the incident to show rather than tell. The conclusion can be b rief as well, with a few wellselected sentences that tie together the events and incidents that youve described and solidify the meaning they had to you. Editing After your draft, allow yourself time to make improvements find and correct any errors, strengthen your focus if need be, and get feedback from other reader.Remember, this is your essay, making you your own best editor. No one can tell your story. Your intelligence informations and ideas are the best way to go. Let it cool take a break from the work for a few years before beginning an edit. Does your main idea come across clearly? Do you prove your points with detail details? Is your essay easy to read aloud? Seek feedback from soulfulness you like and trust (but someone likely to be honest about your writing). Ask them to tell you what they think the essay is really about.Did they get it right or do you need to do another edit? Edit even more, making your language simple, direct and clear. This is a personal essay, no t a term paper. Most colleges set word limits for each essay, so every word counts (say, now instead of in todays ball club). Proof read at least two times before thinking that you are done. inattentive spelling or grammatical errors, awkward language, or fuzzy logic will make your essay memorable for all of the wrong reasons.

Punishment fit the crime Essay

The just-desert approach to sentencing aims to make the penalisation fit the crime. Just deserts is a very old idea revived periodically when officials atomic number 18 desperate for a simple solution to the crime problem. It swept the United States with some success in the 1970s beca office a few articulate professors and others, when disillusioned with the rehabilitation emphasis of the preceding decades, momentarily overlooked the realities of criminal justice system.They were charmed by the simplicity of prescribing the same penalty for everyone convicted of the same offense, and their rhetoric implied that this would someway maximize both fairness and crime prevention. The just deserts perspective emphasizes punishment in equilibrium to the amount of harm make and the rated culpability of the criminal fermentor. The just desert model of sentencing is based on a philosophy of retribution. Founded on the Principle of Commensurate Deserts, the just desert model holds that pu nishment should be proportional to the seriousness of an offenders criminal conduct.This principle is defined by the harm done and the level of culpability attributed to the offender. These principles, in certain important respects, recall the arguments of the classical criminologist Ces atomic number 18 Beccaria (1738-94) for due process in the criminal justice system and argon based on a similar understanding of the affable contract, which is supposed to apply bear only and fairly to everyone. Retributive punishment is thereby regarded as ensuring that offenders do not profit from their wrongdoing.Yet as critics lead argued, the fundamental flaw in this line of thinking is that it is relevant only if social relations are just and equal, otherwise there is no equilibrium to restore. In reality, offenders tend to be already socially disadvantaged, so that punishment actually increases inequality rather trim down it (Cavadino and Dignan 42). Sometimes just desert can be negative in the sense of unwanted, as rise as something regarded as a good. The fact that the Nazi war criminals did what they did means they deserve punishment We have a good reason to send them to jail, on the basis of just desert.Other considerations, for example, the fact that nothing will be deterred or that the criminal is old and harmless, may weigh against punishment, and we may even ensconce not to pursue the case for that reason. But, again, that does not mean that deserving to be punished is irrelevant, just that weve obdurate for other reasons to ignore desert in this case. But again A principles cosmos outweighed is not the same as its having no importance. Expressing both equality and entitlements, our social moral mark pulls in different directions. How, then, are we to determine when one principle is more important?Unless we are moral relativists, the classical fact that equality and entitlements are both part of our moral code does not in itself reassert a persons r eliance on them, any more than the fact that our moral code once condemned racial mixing while condoning sexual discrimination and slavery should convince us that those principles are justified. Because we know that the die hards that define acceptable behavior are continually changing, and sometimes changing for the better, we must release for the replacement of inferior principles with more reasonable guidelines.There is perhaps a stronger moral argument for the use of the just desert rooted in terminal penalty (Reiman, 1988). By deliberately causing the death of another, the murderer incurs a moral debt the loss of his or her own life is earned as a just desert. By taking another persons life, the offender has treated their victim as having lesser worth than they afford to themself, as presumably they would not willingly accept the same act to be inflicted against themself. Capital punishment for those who commit murder restores an equilibrium.The wrongdoer experiences sufferi ng to the same extent that they inflicted upon another. The easy rule of doing unto others what one would want others to do unto one is restored, as the punishment impresses upon the offender that their worth is equal to that of their victim. It also has a symbolic value by reaffirming publicly the moral commitment to the golden rule as a societal value. On these grounds, Rawlings (1999) defends just desert in principle. He opposes it in practice, however, as in the United States, imposition of the death penalty is discriminatory.To take just one example the odds of a black person being sentenced to death for the murder of a white victim are far higher than the corresponding odds when a white person murders a black victim. recuperative justice is not without its critics, who point out that there are few safeguards to protect the most conquerable groups from the pious moralizing of reintegrative shaming. This absence of accountability compounds the lack of protection for the offe nder in terms of appeals to statutory process and due rights.Fundamental issues remain over whether just desert challenges social control or casts the net of social control deeper into the community.ReferencesCavadino, M. and Dignan, J. (2002). The Penal System An Introduction, 3rd edn, London Sage. Rawlings, P. (1999). Crime and Power A History of Criminal Justice, 1688-1998, Harlow Longman. Reiman, J. (1988). The Justice of the Death Penalty in an Unjust World, in K. Haas and J. A. Inciardi (eds) challenging Capital Punishment Legal and Social Science Approaches, Newbury Park, CA Sage.

Ethics -Radio Shack Ceo Sacandal Essay

Ethics is the consideration of how human actions can improve or deteriorate the environments in which we flirt and live. In the wake of recent corporate stains like Enron and WorldCom leading to trials and imprisonment of previously powerful (Chief execute Officer) chief executive officers mankind trust in CEOs has diminished. Therefore when the story nigh the forged academic credentials of Dave Edmondson, CEO of Radio dwell came it re-ignited the mistrust.This paper will provide a brief background of the scandal and detailed analysis of the honourable issues involved and whether the actions taken by RadioShack were estimable or not. Background Dave Edmondson was on a fast career track and was named CEO of Radio Shack in May 2005. In February, 2006 Radio Shack announced that its CEO, David Edmonson has resigned over questions raised over his resume. The fort Worth Star- Telegram discovered that he had not earned degrees in theology and psychology from Heartland Baptist Colle ge as claimed on his resume.Moreover Edmonson had only finished two semesters at the college and the college did not even offer a psychology major. Edmonson admitted to the errors calling them misstatements and resigned in the aftermath of the corporate scandal. Analysis The main issue about this faux pas is not just forging of the academic credentials notwithstanding how Radio Shack handled the case that generated check from public and turned it into a media circus. The basic hypernorms of honesty and integrity were not met by RadioShack in discourse the situation.Edmondson did not display fairness towards Radio Shack by trying to communicate the value of cognition via false degrees. It was not just the disappointing fact that Edmondson lied on his resume but what was equally troubling was the individual and corporate response to the scandal. Radio Shack supported its CEO and failed to give public any substantial answers. The ethical question then becomes that what is the res ponsibility of board of directors? Should they oversee the personal ethics of a CEO as long as he is driving the shareholders maximum value and tame higher profits for he firm or they should step up and take responsibility for their induce short comings, take the required action and set an example of driving the company by ethical value and standards not just profits? Radio shack displayed lack of responsibility as a company when it came to take ownership of the issue and failed to address the public with compassion and was unable to provide light regarding the resume issue. From philosophical approach- consequentialism view holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act.Edmondsons finality to lie on his resume turned out to bring good consequences only for him in footing of a career hike. Deontology brings up these questions Was Edmondsons decision legal, fair, just or right? No, it was not and transparentness and information sharing regarding the falsified resume might have led to different outcomes both for Edmondson and RadioShack. Considering the virtue ethics, did Edmondson and RadioShacks decision demonstrate expected virtues? The company had built its image and reputation over many years.This reputation entailed virtues of trustworthiness, compassion, integrity and responsibility. It did not seem that Edmondsons decision to not come clean was based on any of these considerations. He bluntly violated the virtue ethics. The stakeholders involved were shareholders, board of directors, employees and common people. He could be cut slack for being an ambitious young individual at the start of his career but how can the ignorance be overseen that in the years of making towards a CEO he never came clean. Infact when the scandal was raised and he was confronted he did not even admit right away.This displays lack of character and credibility. A companys leader should be transparent and trustworthy. From a modified moral standards approach I feel that there wasnt any net benefit to the company from his falsified educational claims. It was also not fair to all the stakeholders involved as there could have been a better candidate who got jilted due to a truthful but less flashy resume. Also the distribution of benefits was enjoyed by the CEO whereas the burdens were shared by him and the company equally in terms of a bad reputation and leaving of public trust.Also RadioShack was not consistent with the virtues expected by its employees as they did not bring them and other stakeholders in the loop during the media frenzy which led to a discontented employee atmosphere. This also leads to question the monitoring and respect at RadioShack. They had a code of conduct and code of ethics in place detailing the responsibilities of the employees but how realistically this was being followed can be easily criticized based on Edmondsons case. I intrust that companys code of ethics should be incorpor ated in its values and system actions. bodied risk can be reduced and even mitigated if the organization can align values for ethical motivation and action. Edmondson did take accountability of his unethical actions later and RadioShacks board of directors also acquire the hard way that blind support of a CEO without any solid evidence is unwise and can tarnish the reputation of the company. If they had accepted and reacted to responsibility as soon as the scandal bust the company would have been able to save its reputation and maintained credibility.

Analysis of Research Methods, Client Relationship, Personal Evaluation Essay

Analysis of Research Methods, Client Relationship, Personal Evaluation - screen ExampleThe paper tells that with the advancement of technology and emergence of the concept of consumerism to the surface, customers have become ever more dominant and powerful in the marketplace. Nowadays all the companies shed off myopic ideas and try to unified consumers will in the decision making passage. This is particularly important because customer satisfaction is the final objective that leads to profitability and endurance in organizations. To attain stability, organizations spend millions of dollars today on their Research and growing departments to get the best and approximately accurate knowledge regarding consumer behaviour and expectations. This knowledge and information is utilized by organizations in improving their processes to meet the demands and requirements of the customers and thus deliver a wow experience every beat the customer interacts with the offering. In former(a) wo rds, this shall non be exaggeration to state that, research is one of the fundamental pillars to success of an organization, in the contemporary market dimensions. Any idea or tactic backed up by research findings is more durable and dependable thence something that is implemented out of the blue. Research does not only assist organizations in deciding which route to success shall be adopted, in fact misfortune measures and sporadic adjustments to deviations and evaluation of the implementation are some of the broad areas that are addressed at aloofness by researches. (Thornton, 2010). Throughout the length of this paper various research methods will be analyzed by various perspectives and efforts will be made to develop an understanding of using research methods and findings in the most efficient manner possible. Analysis of Research Methods The above diagram is a representation of a worldwide research process. Though 5 major steps are shown in the diagram in a systematic man ner, but in real life scenario one coif may precede the other depending upon the requirements of the researchers and the nature of the research itself. While conducting our research we followed the above systematic flow of processes for data collection, analysis and inform of its findings (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Research spate be defined as a systematic investigative study conducted to keep an eye on answers to questions or solutions to prevalent or future dilemmas. In the commercial scenario, findings of a research may service to make it or break it for the sponsors of the research. Bearing in mind the model provided in the figure then we see that the process initiates with the discovery of a problem or unanswered question. This is the phase of the research process that occurs voluntarily (Kumar, 2010). Any department of the company shall encounter a problem at any stage and this is completely unavoidable and inevitable (Collis, 2003). The stage that entails the discovery o f a problem shall come to the surface incidentally and demand a solution on an immediate basis and things could be the other way assail too. Therefore this can be said that moving on from one stage to another in the research process may vary from situation to situation (Blaxter et al, 2006). The stage proceeding Discover show is known as Retrieve Stage. Retrieve stage is a significant phase that shall be carried out with great care and technically sound staff. There are various methods utilizing which this phase can be surpassed. At this stage we were required to determine the sources from which data can be retrieved and the subsequent methodology to be adopted. There are two broad options that were available to the group to get the data from, firsthand Resources and Secondary Resources (McBurney, 2009). Secondary resources are considered to be the best sources of information in case the problem that has to be resolved has occurred before in some other department of the company or may be in any other part of the world. Secondary data provides a sound basis to the researchers to compose a framework based on the

The Great Depression and American isolationism affect on FDR's desire Essay

The Great Depression and American isolationism restore on FDRs desire to take an active role in international affairs in the port of TR and Wilson - Essay ExampleAccording to Michael Leigh, FDR never made any attempt to persuade US commonplace regarding ending of isolation. He also says that FDR had enormous preoccupation with the public printing. (http//www.foreignaffairs.org/19950501fareviewessay5045/paul-johnson/the-myth-of-american-isolationism-reinterpreting-the-past.html ). This view contradicts the famous fireside chats of FDR to round extent, because he was a humanitarian and the Nazi killings must have worried him. At the same time, he moulded the public opinion towards participation in the war. Initially, that is before the Pearl Harbour, Roosevelt did value the American public opinion which was combined with the caution of Great Depression and American belief in isolationism. Domestic political problems in the summer of 1937 had made Roosevelt particularly reluctant t o risk anything in foreign affairs. The Court fight and the also-ran to break a series of sit down strikes have seriously ended his middle kind support, Datlek (1979, p.147).Isolationists thought that alliances could be unsettling, and destabilizing. In President Hoovers opinion they were provocative actions that have hitherto always cracked up in war itself. The horrors of the First World fight, Versailles treaty, fear of getting drawn into another war, Great Depression, scare of losing unreserved decision making were a few causes of isolationism. Isolation had many more reasons and excuses intuitive feeling that the depression had been caused by W.W.I Belief that Europe was unworthy of our support Pacifism-people who hated and abhorred war Belief that arms manufacturers, bankers had caused war Belief that W.W.I had been a tragic mistake for the U.S http//www.sagehistory.net/roosevelts/wwii/1920WWII1940.htmFDR initially was more engrossed with the domestic problems and his ref usal to peg the value of the US dollar wrecked the International Economic Conference of 1933, to be held in London, which was partially encouraged by Hoover. FDR, instead, maintained Good Neighbour Policy and Pan Americanism and in Buenos Aires Conference, he demonstrated that America was bored in domineering weaker nations and he continued economic nationalism and cooperation both. Still, there existed a certain cul between an internationalist president and an isolationist congress. He recognised USSR, increased foreign trade hoping to remedy depression, and his Neutrality Act of 1937 famously hurt Spain and made US a silent accomplice of Hitler. His Quarantine linguistic process in Chicago was intentional but Americans were too wrapped up in isolationism and events like Panay, engross of China, and even the armament need of Britain and France did not move the Congress, despite Presidents efforts, though he eventually succeeded in persuading Congress to send armaments to Brita in, which is called Americas first line of defence. did not end till the onset of Second World War and the fear of it had slowed down America. FDR had to face this inertia, even though he wanted

The limitations of current therapeutic interventions for Parkinson Essay

The limitations of live therapeutic interventions for Parkinson disease - Essay ExampleIn the neurochemical basis of Parkinsons disease we learn that the pathological lesion in Parkinsonism lies in the corpus striatum and basal ganglia. In addition, the never cell bodies placed in the substantia nigra shows signs of degeneration. The histochemical techniques have brought to notice that corpus striatum and basal ganglia are electively depleted of the monoamine, dopamine. The indue time holds two major therapeutic interventions to fight back Parkinsons disease. The first one involves the victimisation of specific therapies for each of the existent problems in the patient that cannot be answerable otherwise by sum of L-dopa and the second is by virtue of embryonic stem cells. It is essential to mention here that levodopa is more efficacious and less expensive as compared to other dopamine agonists. The drug therapies for Parkinsons disease hold their presence of importance by thei r efficient functioning at two major lines1. plaque of anticholinergic drugs to decrease the cholinergic excitatory activity2.Administration of dopaminergic drugs for enhancing dopaminergic inhibitory activity

Chinese Contemporary Art Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Chinese Contemporary Art Museum - Essay ExampleNoting that the museum has a vast number of Chinese imperial art, this fund is indented to fund the national level museum art that is dedicated to collecting, displaying, and the inquiry of the contemporary and modern China artistic works. Certainly, the fund shall be the key building element of the quad stories of the Museum including the aras of a display (Falk 12). Generally, the fund will take care of twenty-one exhibition halls in the museum. These collections are divided into various categories. This includes the Chinese traditional painting, print, oil painting, sculpture, caricature, new year painting, lacquer, traditional story picture, costumes, and pottery.It is worth noting that this category is expected to perform better, as well as improve the performance of the museum. Extensively, the support provides an luck for the museum to increase the level of art and design in China. Unlike others, this category of funding is fo cused on boosting not only research and outreach in China but also the sector of education. This implies that through this funding, the collections in the museum shall be of great importance to researchers serving as an academic source for varied purposes. These collections have been know for displaying certain species at a certain time and place (Harris 14). Through it researchers shall have an opportunity to dig into the temporal and geographical changes in populations, communities and species, thus tracking the patterns relative to human-induced or natural changes (Harris 16).This category of funding is the best since it will enable the specimens of the museum to establish the research basis for the evolution of the research, distribution, and speciation. This will give indispensable baselines for studying emerging diseases, conversations and artworks. Different specimens are linked to data thus giving out education regarding life history, and natural traits of animals.