Evaluation of Dental Education Strategies Essay

Evaluation of Dental Education Strategies - Essay ExampleThis paper stresses that the medical checkup and dental education demanded new pedagogics learning methods with more formal instructional design and delivery. In pro education like medical and dental education, the common instruct strategies include that of role pose, slender or large group interactions, lectures, one to one teaching, brainstorming, computer aided case studies and persevering model exercise. Among these methods, for clinical teaching, the preferred teaching methods are role model, one to one instruction, diminished group discussions and patient model assessment. Based on the survey feedback from students, this case study aims to identify the most effective teaching method. Thus the single major aim of this case study is to find out the best teaching method in dental education whether is it one to one direct teaching? or is it small group discussion teaching? The article also states that the teaching s kills need to be developed by a reanimate and he / she should be a competent teacher. The following personal attributes are quoted for a competent and committed medical teacher by Judy and Carol, commitment to profession, enthusiasm, sensitive to needs of students, inculcating the required professional attitude within the students, developing practical teaching skills, interest in serving as doctor as well as a teacher, openness to peer review and change his or her teaching, big businessman to implement formal assessment of medical students and trainees.

HU300 Unit 7 A Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HU300 Unit 7 A - Research Paper ExampleIt is to be understood as having a life that moves within it (Scruton, 2009, p. 7). Therefore, medical specialty is about life and is understood as the universal language. As a universal language of life, medical specialty portrays our moods in tout ensemble aspects of our lives. People listen to medication for a lot of reasons to ease melancholy, to celebrate victory, to concomitant the feeling of romance and erotic love, to grieve and to listen to the new single of ones favorite artist. Therefore, medicinal drug is a way of life, and it forms part of our journey as humans. euphony Representation of Moods and poses of Life Childhood eld During my childhood years, there was something about male and female pigeonholings that I really liked the most. I grew up listening to Spice Girls, Aqua, Boyz II Men, Westlife, and Blue, but most of all, I was notably addicted to Spice Girls. Perhaps, it was all about their stature and fame that I wa s hooked with their popular ravishers like 2 Become 1, Wannabe, Viva Forever, and Stop. These songs zippy my childhood particularly that this group also complemented their music with colorful outfits, those that would really dazzle the audience especially the young ones. Moreover, their songs were groovy and had the element of recall which made them easier to memorize. As a child, I would love to turn around songs that make me happy, groove, and smile. These songs influenced my childhood in such a way that they became part of my everyday routine. During week repeals, I play their CD all throughout the day that no wonder, the CD had tantrums once in a while. Adolescence Stage When I entered high school, the music industry was even livelier. Rock bands, talent search singers, and veteran hit makers continue to make songs for mass consumption, most especially that the Internet was on its hype, and almost all music released or are presently hitting the waves are very much available online. I nevertheless adore U2, The Fray, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and The Calling. Notice the shift from being so obsessed with an all-female group to alternative rock bands. Nevertheless, I started to appreciate the music of The Calling. My adolescent music life was filled with zip with this band on my A-list. My preference to their music was not in any way a content of going with the flow as most teenagers were head-over-heels with rock bands. It was because I recognized this bands passion to write songs that reflect strong emotions, most notably songs that contain sincere messages about being in-love and standing(a) strong against the odds of being in a relationship. I was magically transported to another dimension of the beingness when I heard the song Stigmatized by The Calling. When one is in the adolescent stage, all you think of is do the most out of life. Surely, one manifestation of living life as if it is the worlds end is by being in love. Stigmatized reflects teena gers drive to make a relationship work, despite all the muckle stopping the possible romance to bloom. The melody brought by the acoustic guitar and the intense vocal prowess of the get out singer make the song more of a personal conversation rather than a compiling of words and melody. Certainly, this song has been part of my youthful years. Comforting Music There is this beauty not form in every note and lyric of the song but on the general properties of music (Cook & Everist, 1999). Music comforts us through the whole impact of the song and not in every syllable or

Kleptomania Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Kleptomania - Research Paper Examplethither is recent surge in the research pertaining to kleptomania that has led to some understanding of the clinical presentation, pathophysiology and management of the develop the details of which will be elaborated in this essay.Kleptomaniacs do not usually consult physicians on their own. They are either brought to the medical attention either by their parents and well-wishers, employers, teachers or school counselors. Despite detriment because of stealing, majority of kleptomanias do not report about their shoplifting habit to their physicians (Grant and Kim, 2002). One of the reasons could be panic of exposure of theft and subsequent legal consequences. Reluctance to expose their habit, shame on activities of oneself and lack of clinicians familiarity with the take prevent kleptomania from being recognized and diagnosed (Grant and Kim, 2002). According to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual- IV-TR (Grant and Odlaug, 2008), diagnosis of klept omania is established when a soulfulness exhibits 1) recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value, 2) increasing sense of tension immediately before committing the theft, 3) pleasure, gratification, or relief at the measure of committing the theft, 4) the stealing is not committed to express anger or vengeance and is not in reply to a delusion or a hallucination and 5) the stealing is not better accounted for by steer disorder, a manic episode, or antisocial personality disorder (Grant and Odlaug, 2008). Kleptomaniacs frequently steal items that are extra for them. Infact, many stolen items are either given away to others or stolen or even returned. Kleptomaniacs are frequently referred to as bad people without realizing that it is the illness that is causing the urge for them to steal. It is however, difficult to draw a sign between maladaptive behavior

RESPONSE PAPER for Comparative Politics class Essay

RESPONSE PAPER for Comparative Politics class - Essay characterthe concept of comparative degree government that asserts politics in different countries works in much a similar manner and differently in others is brought reveal.In this story, the concept of political similarity and differences in countries is brought out when it is asserted that the political stability of the UK is on the line. Specifically, political similarity is the most prevalent concept of comparative politics that is seen in this text. According to this concept, it is evident that like several(prenominal) other countries in the world that are experiencing political disunity, the UK is as well on the verge of joining the same route.There is more than can be seen in the future of the unified nation because the disunity in the political arena is worrying. The entire political organisation in country is on the verge of entering into the unknown after enjoying political stability for several decades, and with some excellent prime ministers such as Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair.1 The current trend is seeing the strengths of biggest political parties in the country, the conservatives and the labor, being tested by the introduction of the smaller parties into the political arena. Much the same way as in some other countries where most political parties are based on regional or ethnical backgrounds, the smaller parties in the UK have also emerged the same grounds. The smaller parties are based on regional links and their political agenda is to drift away from the current culture of two-part dominance.2The story by CNN on the politics best brings out the concept of comparative politics. The story confirms that indeed the way politics is conducted in various countries is much similar. Much the same way like most countries in the world, UK is also facing the likelihood of mushrooming of smaller political parties. Many political scientists hold that partisanship and voting deportment are suc h a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by a single model. Nevertheless, the current

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 Essay

Journal about the text, Shame of the Nation, pages 1-37 - Essay shellare major schools with nearly 99 percent of students universe black or Hispanic. His claims are ground on his visits to sixty different schools across eleven states.The chapter reveals that apart from racial segregation in urban community public schools, there is also a distinct culture of ensuring that non-white population is repeatedly reminded of their lowly status. The schools lack modern amenities and black children are forced to chant, I can.. I fork out faith that I can learn (34) thereby implying that do not have the abilities and they can only try. The schools subtly promote discrimination as children are not exposed to the whites on a regular basis. The equal pressure therefore often becomes the major element that dissuades them to compete on equal basis. The blacks seem to have no expectations from a society that still looks down on them. thus, Kozols distress is genuine when he says that it is the most destructive and long lasting message a nation possibly could give its children (37).the States is one the greatest democracy of the world which revels in its diversity. But Kozol has shown that racial discrimination is still popular and practiced under the guise of legal jargon. Education is the most important platform that facilitates empowerment of the people, It is especially important for people who have been marginalized for centuries and require the support of knowledge to improve not only their loving and economic status but also for competing on intellectual basis with the mainstream population. But education would not be able to play its role if it is imparted within an environment of discrimination. Kozol has shown a distressing front of urban public schools who deliberately emphasize that blacks are not equal to white but have to tap towards their betterment not equality. It is also very painful revelation that segregation in schools is open and is being practice d under federal

HIST 3401 Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HIST 3401 Final Exam - Essay ExampleIf you do not think the lives of either of these groups changed dramatically, excuse using relevant sources. The time period between the American Revolution and the Reconstruction were one of unsteadily and instability in American socio-politics. Having valiantly won its freedom from the British Crown, the fledgling nation was taking cautious first steps toward self-assertion. But even as Americas presence as a global power was taking root, its society was beset by longstanding issues. The social issues could be broadly divided across the twin axes of race and sexuality. Racial discrimination of colored people and sex oppression of women were two chronic malaises. At the time of the Declaration of Independence and the framing of the Constitution, dismals were considered as uneven to whites. This is reflected in the early laws of the country where segregation and slavery were sub judicely sanctioned. The basis of these draconian laws was the prejudiced origination of blacks as only three-fifth human (whereby whites are the benchmark of full humanity). Such unscientific beliefs garbed in the language of logic and reason had stalled black emancipation during the century in question. It wasnt until the Civil War, with the escalating struggle between the Confederates and the Unionists that blacks saw a glimpse of hope. In light of this fact it is fair to say that the century preceding the Reconstruction were one of bleak misery for blacks. Women fared none too better during this period. In 1865, jointure Carolina law granted former masters preference in the apprenticeship of former slaves children. Although mothers and fathers both endured the hardships of these losses, womens experiences diverged importantly from mens. (Zipf, p.9) Christian Evangelicalism offered hope of equality for blacks and women. Though it provided opportunities for liberation, it was ultimately limited by race and gender just as the democratic ref orm movement had hit a stumbling block. Sometimes holy scriptures were themselves invoked in justifying racial and gender oppression in Christian institutions. The biblical sanctioning of human bondage turn up very convenient for perpetrators of slavery. But where Evangelicalism helped is in the Baptists and Methodists earnest resolution to convert slaves. They welcomed slaves at their revivals, encouraged black preachers, and above all else, advocated secular and spiritual equality. Many of the early Baptist and Methodist preachers directly challenged slavery. (Goldfield, Chapter 10, p.10-7) Looking at it as a promise of liberty and deliverance, the slaves received the evangelical gospel in loud, joyous, and higher(prenominal)ly stirred revivals. They made it integral to their own culture, fusing Christianity with folk beliefs from their African heritage. (Goldfield, Chapter 10, p.10-7) In this milieu, such religious communities offered the erstwhile laden opportunities for voi ce, authority, and labor within a system that also had its share of flaws. The new freedoms that could be availed of therein outweighed the disadvantages. 4. Did women concord an impact on American political culture throughout the span of the nineteenth century? why or why not? In many ways, women are historys largest minority. Their voice was for just about part suppressed under male domination. It is only in recent decades that they have attained legal and nominal equality with men. America has been a theatre for womens rights going back to the late eighteenth and 19th centuries. The Catholic Church provided a semblance of political emancipation for women. This it achieved through allowing Sisters to assume high offices within the rigid hierarchy of the institution. Though there was a degree of democracy

People Classification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People Classification - Essay ExampleOver the years that I served in the army, I have learnt that a single soldier may shine out as the track of the play, but the unbent success of the Unit always is a consequence of the team that works together. It not only includes the other comrades, but all those people who remain behind the scenes, in a accessary role. This has made me realize, that one should never qualify success on the face of how things seem. The tip of the iceberg put forward never truly explain what the entire emblem stands for. Nothing is struggle deep, not even skin itself There is a lot more struggle and undertaking that goes into achieving a task that is otherwise visible. And I feel that it is in making all this effort that the secret of life lies. Success is not reach by achieving something, but by treading the path. For instance, in war, the victorious army has seemingly successful soldiers celebrating what they have achieved. hardly what about their friends who died in the struggle, to make sure their comrades would achieve the same? The answer is very simple they are in effect more successful than those who survived, because they believed in something so much, that they were willing to give away their lives for the cause. And that is the true measure of success. The fact is, that when one defines a path for oneself, then merely walking that path is an trust of success. Rationalistically, nobody can achieve everything. Further, the natural shortfalls in our lives, including financial, physical and emotional emergencies.

HIPAA Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HIPAA - Term Paper Example..........................................12 auxiliary 1.......................................................................13 APPENDIX 2........................................................................15 List of Figures 1. Health Information credentials System Architecture. Executive Summary The Health indemnity Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 has been a great leap forward in sheltering the patients rights by lay restrictions on the wellness data flow and usage. The renewed sense of privacy and security in health care sector attributed to it by this new legislation had its unique impact on engineering science as well. A whole set of technological applications evolved making possible a new way of manipulation data. But the threats to privacy and security that emerged from the very use of this new technologies, has to be addressed by technology itself. In this manner, health care training architecture and technology are se en as co-evolving to provide bore and ethical health care to all. To cope with the re-identification risk, more technological improvements have to be looked at. Technology and HIPAA loneliness Regulations The Problem Becoming the Solution Introduction The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 and the Privacy and Security Rules under it, are meant to protect the many aspects of privacy and security of the health care services customer.1 The rules which protect privacy under this act are, the HIPAA Privacy Rule, that takes care of the privacy of the individually identifiable health information

Our National Debt (USD) Today Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Our National Debt (USD) Today - Article ExampleOne helpful contribution as a citizen is to lobby in Congress asking for the government to cut its spending on military and point on social concerns such as education or health. The article suggested that we should consume less than what we earn. Everyone essential learn how to live within their means so as not to add to the burden of the country.I think it is good if the government encourage people to save money and reduce their spending. Also, the government mustiness create a task force that would create jobs so the unemployed would not give extra problems to an ailing government. Small business must be helped through various incentives.The most sensible and long solution is to promote a healthy lifestyle to citizens. When a country has healthy people, they are much productive and this leads to lesser health care given to citizens. Most diseases are caused by obesity which is a reflection of the propensity to spend and consume b eyond ones income. Ironically, it is however the wealthy who keep in shape believing that health is wealth.Farmer, Brian. I.O.U.S.A. How Much? the New Documentary Film I.O.U.S.A. Sounds the Alarm nearly Our Worsening Debt Crisis but Is Short on Solutions. The New American 15 Sept. 2008 26+. Questia. Web. 10 Feb. 2010. sex up America Were on the verge of a financial meltdown, screams the website promoting I.O.U.S.A., a documentary that examines the rapidly development national debt and the resulting consequences for the U.S. government and its citizens. For example, as the Baby Boomer generation reaches retirement age, will there even be any Social Security and Medicare benefits left to collect?

Does the media affect your health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Does the media affect your health - Essay ExampleIn most cases, the call of these mediums can significantly influence not only the way we perceive things in life merely also result to the development of our eating habits and the way we perceive or feel about our embody images (DArcy and Jan).Seale explained that most of the food and beverage companies are development the media as a platform in ad their food or beverage products even if these food and beverages does not contain the proper nutrition inevitable by our body (Seale, Health and media an overview). For example, multinational companies are more than willing to pay a bulky sum of money just to advertise their formula-milk on the television. By continuously using the media as a way of persuading m otherwises to feed their babies with formula-milk, the newborn babies are the ones who suffer from not getting the most of out the health benefits they should receive from breast-feeding (Seale, Media and Health 199).It is al so possible for virtually tobacco companies to take advertise their cigarette products using any of these media as a way of encouraging the people to smoke (Seale, Health and media an overview). In some cases, people are unconsciously using the Internet or other social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter to make themselves look better off as compared to other people (Falcon). By boosting their swelled head at the expense of other people, the use of social media networks can somehow cause depression to other people. Aside from the risk of becoming a victim of cyber-bullying (Falcon), the media can also be used to activate aggressive behaviour possibly due to substance abuse or trigger inappropriate internal behaviour (DArcy and Jan).Considering all these examples, it is clear that the media can be used to negatively affect the peoples physical, psychological and emotional health. Even though the main purpose of using the media is to entertain or overtake something to the ta rget audiences, there will always be some

Decisions in Paradise Part III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Decisions in Paradise Part III - Essay ExampleCapital One plans to vindicated in Kava four banking branches with full aura infrastructure across the island and a customer utility call center to serve Capital Ones global customers. Factors affecting implementation some(prenominal) factors affect the implementation plans of Capital One at Kava. The firm need to identify four achievable locations for its banks. The company can either rent several buildings or built its own locations. A conundrum with constructing the buildings is that it takes time and the bad weather in Kava could cause further delays in the project period time. The firm can rent the four buildings and perform internal layouts redesigns to prepare the banks following similar layouts utilize by Capital One in the United States. The company will need to recruit employees for its pecuniary services operation and for the call center. The island may have a shortage of talent in technological fields such as financ e and accounting. The firm can import talent from its global operations into Kava. The best option would be to conduct employees from its US operations to Kava. An advantage of this strategy is getting prepare employees that know the corporate culture of the firm. A third factor that affect the implementation plan is heathenish and language barriers. ... The right locations are necessary to achieve maximum customer traffic. The company has to set up the ATM ne cardinalrk across Kava. It should take the company one month to complete installation of the ATMs. The firm has to recruit the employees for both operations. The company inevitably approximately 50 workers for the banks and two hundred employees to work at the call center. There is a shortage of talent in accounting and finance in Kava. The banks needs employees with a financial background to work in the branches. To solve that problem the firm will transfer employees from its United States branches. To motivate the US wo rkers to apply for a transfer the firm will offer a $25,000 relocation incentive package. Financial incentives are a way to motivate employees (Tutor2u, 2011). The call center requires 200 employees. All the employees will be recruited from the internal talent pool of Kava residents. The recruiting process of employees has a timetable of two months. After hiring the employees these workers need training. The training period for the bank workers is one month and the call centers employees will produce two weeks of training. Due to the unstable weather conditions and the possibility of shutdown due to natural disasters the firm needs to have good Internet infrastructure. The small size of the island makes this island a perfect candidate for the implementation of a Wi-Max network. A Wi-Max network is an IP based radio broadband technology that can generate wireless access up to 30 miles for fixed station (Wimax, 2011). The Wi-Max network serves several purposes. The network will pro vide the company with reliable Internet connectivity at all times. The system will serve as an mite channel for employees to use to connect the

The UK Corporate Governance code should be codified and placed in the Essay

The UK Corporate giving medication code should be codified and placed in the Companies Act - Essay ExampleIt was this Code that introduced the commandment of comply or explain.The City and the Stock Exchange gradually adopted it and, in 1998 it evolved into the have Code on Corporate G everywherenance. Since the Combined Code is self-regulatory, no legal sanctions are bound to lift due to non-compliance.However, before the Combined Code was adopted, the Greenbury study 1995 was drafted and it focused on strengthening the accountability enchantment also enhancing the directors performance. It made recommendations that a recompense committee comprising independent non-executive directors should be set up. The 1998 Hampel Report endorsed absolute majority of the findings in both the Cadbury and the Greenbury Reports but it went further in regulating the relationship between the company and its stakeholders. The Hampel Report stated that- the directors are responsible for the rel ations with stakeholders but they are accountable to the shareholders.The 1999 Turnbull Report was however pertain with the implementation of some of the requirements found in the Code mostly its internal control requirements. The board is call for to periodically assess the control measures and annually report on them. The 2001 Myners Report promoted shareholder activism and also support institutional investors to be more proactive. The Higgs Report drafted in 2003 focused mostly on the non-executive directors independence, whilst the 2003 Smith Report considered the functions of the audit committee.The Code was reviewed over time after shareholder disquiet over its perceived shortcomings in corporate structures and its ability to respond to poor performance. Several sections were added to the Code- risk management, audit committees, remuneration and internal control.There was a banking crisis in 2008, and with many banks nationalised, this prompted the government to request Sir David Walker to focus specifically on corporate governance in the UK banks and

Current issues in dissability studies activity 10 Essay

Current issues in dissability studies activity 10 - establish Exampleto attend to their constant considers these include but non restricted to the building of more than nursing homes, recreational facilities for the ages, hospitals, and more avenues to supply the increasing work needed by the seniors in our societies. hither is an important question does disability make large number get old(a) quickly? The answer is no, because the upstart survey and research have indicated that people suffering from intellectual, for instance, do not necessarily get older than their contemporaries. Interestingly, they even seem to outlive in some circumstances. Similar physical changes are observable in both the disabled and non-disabled old people (World Health Organization, 2000).People with disabilities need some specific services that may or may not necessarily isolate them from the general population. Normally, aged people need housing, nursing homes, hospices, medical services, recreat ional services and so on. The only difference in the case is the conundrum of communication that usually affected diagnosing disabled peoplesome of them could not talk or properly explain to the doctors the actual sickness or illness they are suffering. This constitutes a great prophylactic to their ability to solve disabled peoples medical needs (Bigby, 2000). Therefore, the disabled aged people require intensive cares and guidance for their problems to be successful attended to, what non-disabled old people may not require.The most interesting about this week yarns (1 &) is that they pinpoint the developmental requirements needed for a disabled individual to wrench into his or her adult self without parental influences in decision-making and personal cares (Bigby, 2000). While the second reading highlights the policies and programs put in place by the government, private organizations and communities in helping the disabled people grow old successfully (Bigby, 2004). The two readings are compendium for any student to turn into expert on disability

Production Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Production Management - Essay Examplen utile translate chin in production is crucil to the success of business. One recent study of the US Food Industry estimted tht poor coordintion mong give chin prtners ws wsting $30 billion nnully (Crosby, 2004). This cn be illustrted if we consider the trditionl belief of supply chin s similr to pipe tht crries the service or product being provided. When the pipe becomes clogged, the entire system must be flushed to solve the difficulty. Similrly, when supply chin does not work properly, business must flush the chnnel becuse it cnnot pinpoint where the problem is. This cuses compnies to lose profits nd sles.Now, however, compnies re implementing new type of supply chin mngement, where the firm views the supply chnnel s whole system insted of concentrting of ech prt of the process. The compny focuses on ll efforts, from the procurement of rw mterils to the distribution of the finished product, nd how ech effort reltes to the others (n drski, 1998). This llows more communiction to exist within the pipe nd problems to be more esily identified.In the following pper I bequeath present fundmentls of effective production mngement tht consists of the chin from suppliers to customers nd the processes such s people, process nd plnt. I will introduce the notion of vilbility, the single minute exchnge of die nd throughput.The production supply chin is trditionlly chrcterized s stble system in which components nd goods move smoothly from suppliers to ssembly to customers. For exmple, pckged consumer goods mnufcturer, for instnce, comprises mnufcturing, pckging, distribution, wrehousing, nd retiling. The concept of the customers demnd chin, which trnsfers demnd from mrkets to suppliers, is significntly less fmilir. To give one exmple,

Discuss some of the key similarities and differences between orthodox Essay

Discuss some of the key similarities and differences mingled with orthodox and naturopathic medicine. briefly respect circumstances when the use of one may be more - Essay ExampleAccording to Larson (2007, p. 1), choice medicine represents any form of healing therapy outside the borders of orthodox medicine which uses pharmaceuticals, radiation, chem another(prenominal)apy, and surgical procedures in its perform of healing the sick. Alternative medicine includes all forms of therapy from acupuncture to Zen Buddhism as potential pathways to health.The National inwardness for Complementary and Alternative Medicine states that there four types of alternative medical systems which include Chinese medicine, ayurvedic medicine, naturopathy, and homeopathy. What separates naturopathy from the other types of alternative medicine is not only its beginnings, still also the basis on which health, disease and word is seen. While the other forms of alternative medicine have their roots in shamanism and spirituality, the beginnings of naturopathy can be traced back to the beginnings of orthodox medicine. Hippocrates, generally considered as the Father of Medicine, is also considered to be a doc that practiced what was similar to naturopathic medicine. ... Although this does not correspond entirely to the principles of naturopathy, as it can be observed, the view that the health and disease is based in the balance of natural elements is the basis of most naturopathic beliefs. In order for the differences and similarities between orthodox and naturopathic medicine to be better evident, the six basic principles of naturopathic medicine should be reviewed.The first supposition is the healing power of nature, which refers to connecting with nature, or the life force, which is constant, although ever changing. Connecting with nature involves getting outside yourself, getting beyond whatever health limitations are concerning you. Further, the healing power of nature involv es a connection with this life force, pickings some action, either through exercise or any physical activity, that connects us with life. Naturopathy involves taking an mobile role in your own health, becoming your own health maintenance organization, as opposed to onrush of traditional medicine of prescription drugs.The second concept of naturopathy, identification and discussion of the cause of disease, focuses on eliminating the conundrum that is resulting in the illness. One common example can be given, as high blood pressure, and its treatment through conventional medicine. Diuretics are the most common treatment, however, if the root cause is obesity and sedentary lifestyle, hence the use of diuretics but failure to address those contributing factors will have the end result of treating symptoms but not correcting the basic problem. Modern medicine, however, also is beginning to focus more on eliminating social and other underlying problems that cause diseases. One such e xample is Swedens

Political Science Critique Essay Example for Free

Political Science Critique stressWhy is it to be changed? For as a citizen of the Filipinos experiencing simple life hind end see this problem in our country. It is said in the sections that official diction is the prescribed medium of communication in the government, courts and schooltimes. It may not be the national language. Including with this, the official language of the Philippines ar Filipino and English. And that is the error of this part of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. We should not include ENGLISH as an official language of our country. First, is it implication that Ameri dejections argon still in our culture especially in our Constitution. abet, we must have only one official language for us Filipinos will not be confused. It is acceptable that if we will use ENGLISH language in the school because it is a place of learning.But in the government and courts we should not use ENGLISH language. By this cloak we insult other FILIPINOS. Why? Let us accept the f act that some of the FILIPINOS are assay hard understanding or speaking in ENGLISH and some of the FILIPINOS are what we call mangmang. How can the maralitang mga-tiga lungsod understand these things? We should consider their or should I say our capabilities. For some instance, In having a hearing in the congress by speaking in ENGLISH we think that the whole Philippines got it? NO, considering that some of the topics are not understandable because we cant relate because they use such highfaluting words.It is said that Filipinos are the master of the country but how can that be if they cant understand what were seek to implement in their land also how can we get their opinions if they cant understand it. Second instance, In having trials, mostly fair and poor persons are always convicted due to poverty. If I am in their situation having a trial that I cant understand, It is a big insult. To sum this up, In Philippines we should consider first our own before anything else. And solv ing problems should start in piffling problems like these because we can fixed thing starting in little not in big ones. And some little things like these is the mode and kind of communication in our country.NEW PROVISIONThe national and official language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed and enriched on the basis of existingPhilippine and other languages. Filipino and English languages as a medium of official communication of instruction in educational system but In Government and Courts the medium of communication shall be our national language.

Automobile and Large Mass Essay Example for Free

Automobile and Large Mass Essaythither was one time a little boy of 6 years hoar c eithered Lewis. iodin day, as he was flavor egress of the car windowpane on his way to take aim, he observe that a thumping potentiometer of gray-haired-headed can was forming on the nose higher up his dads car. middling alarmed, Lewis looked at the otherwise cars on the e veryey to find forth if they too had a drove of graynessness-haired smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, whole the cars locomotion on the motorway had the color inness smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years emeritus called Lewis. One day, as he was looking knocked out(p) of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just preceding(prenominal) his dads car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the channel to find out if they too had a pervert of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years gray-headed called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just higher up his dads car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a debauch of grey smoke chasing them.To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years nonagenarian called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years grizzly called Lewis.One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father Dad, whats that grey smoke above our cars? Lewis father was a little surprised by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called befoulment. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father Dad, whats that grey smoke above our cars? Lewis father was a little surprised by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called taint. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars trave lling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father Dad, whats that grey smoke above our cars? Lewis father was a little surprised by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called pollution. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father Dad, whats that grey smoke above our cars? Lewis father was a little surprised by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called pollution. taint? Whats pollution? asked Lewis, hold intrigued for his fathers answer. Well, for example, its that grey smoke you can envision above our cars.Cars that elude on petrol or diesel moot off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all live beings and the planet too. Today you can give away a lot of the grey smoke because it hasnt rained for a long time, answered his father. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them.To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father Dad, whats that grey smoke above our cars? Lewis father was a little surprised by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called pollution. Pollution? Whats pollution? asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his fathers answer. Well, for example, its that grey smoke you can see above our car s. Cars that pass by on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too.Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasnt rained for a long time, answered his father. There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car. Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a There was once a little boy of 6 years old called Lewis. One day, as he was looking out of the car window on his way to school, he discovered that a large mass of grey smoke was forming just above his dads car.Somewhat alarmed, Lewis looked at the other cars on the road to find out if they too had a cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked hi s father Dad, whats that grey smoke above our cars? Lewis father was a little surprised by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called pollution. Pollution? Whats pollution? asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his fathers answer. Well, for example, its that grey smoke you can see above our cars.Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasnt rained for a long time, answered his father. cloud of grey smoke chasing them. To Lewis surprise, all the cars travelling on the motorway had the grey smoke hovering around them. So Lewis asked his father Dad, whats that grey smoke above our cars? Lewis father was a little surprised by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called pollution. Pollution? Whats pollution? asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his fathers answer. Well, for example, its that grey smoke you can see above our cars. Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasnt rained for a long time, answered his father. d by the question, but answered Well, Lewis, its called pollution. Pollution? Whats pollution? asked Lewis, waiting intrigued for his fathers answer. Well, for example, its that grey smoke you can see above our cars.Cars that run on petrol or diesel give off gasses into the atmosphere, which are very bad for all living beings and the planet too. Today you can see a lot of the grey smoke because it hasnt rained for a long time, answered his father. Lewis spent a while pondering on this, and began to put two and two to overhearher. If the grey smoke was bad, and it was all because of cars, then why were there so many cars on the road? Dad, state Lewis slowly, If the grey smoke is pollution and is bad for us, why are we going to school in a car? So I can get to work on time, son.The bus or metro would make us late, answered his father. It was Spring. As soon as the cold weather went, it came back again. The sun seemed discredited to show his smily face for more than the odd morning. To top it all, loads of people were sick. A spectacular chucking-up hem in was going around the school. If anyone looked so much as a bit pasty in class, the teacher would grab an empty litter bin and tell them to hold it close by. Minutes later the school secretary would be calling Little So and Sos mother and telling her to get over quickly and collect her sick child.The bug even got poor Isis, who was NEVER off school. deal everything else about her, Isiss attendance record was usually perfect but not this week, because there was no way she could come in. She texted Katie Poor me, I feel so rotten Chucked up 6 times. Is that a world record? Katie had so far escaped the bug. She was very careful about washing her men and not going near anyon e who coughed or spluttered. She asked her mother what could be done for Isis, and she suggested an ancient witchs remedy made from mint leaves and mandrakes root. Sounds great, said Katie, Why dont witches remediation everyone?

Federal Indian Policy Essay Example for Free

Federal Indian Policy EssayWhen the newly founded United States of America gained its license from Britain, they were faced with galore(postnominal) new challenges. One of their biggest challenges was establishing and building upon their own domain that Britain had transfer of trainingred at the Peace accord of 1783. 1 Of course, this land was still inhabited by Indian peoples. The United States knew that territorial expansion was inevitable and to the Indians, this meant war. Creek chief Hallowing King said, Our lands are our life and breath. If we part with them, we part with our blood. 2 This turned surface to be a constant changing battle for territorial dominance and an era of changing federal Indian policy. The new America followed British ideas and created an Indian Department. This department establi put many rules for the sale and transfer of Indian lands with the hope of regulating the advancement of the westernern frontier. 3 In 1790, Congress enacted the India n mass and Intercourse displace. 4 Backed by President Washington and the Indian Department, this act stipulated that Congress would settle all trade, interaction and even intercourse with all Native Americans.5 Congress regulated this Act by issuing licenses to ap prove individuals. Failure to obey this law take to apprehension and a spark advance in court. 6 However, many American famers ignored this bill and would steal Indians to use as slaves. Naturally, the Indians fought sand which led to bloody encounters. As Americans continued to ease westward, many battles and treaties began to emerge. The Battle of Fallen Timbers was one of the much popular encounters. The Western Lakes Confederacy which consisted of several numerous tribes had achieved major victories in the past. It was President Washingtons goal to put their victories to an end.7 The Americans out-numbered the Indians and destroyed many villages in the region. This battle led to the form of many treaties like t he Treaty of Greenville in 1795. This ended the Northwest Indian War which the Battle of Fallen Timbers was a part of. In exchange of goods valued at $20,000, the Indians turned over large parts of the present-day(a) area of Ohio. 8 This was a tremendous victory for the United States and it certainly gave them the momentum in establishing Indian policy and in the race for territorial expansion. However, the fight and establishment for federal Indian policy did non end in the Ohio Valley.The United States began to realize that the Indians and Americans would not be able to co-exist in the same easterly territory. President Thomas Jefferson began implementing the policy of removing Indians from their eastern homelands. The governance decided they could go about this a fewer different ways. They could try to destroy the Indian peoples, assimilate them to American society, protect them on their ancestral lands or remove them to more distant, western lands. 9 It was Jeffersons plan to use the process of dispossession with tokenish government.This plan involved allowing American settlements to slowly border the Indians, either allowing them to become civilized Americans or allow them flee beyond the Mississippi with the hopes of establishing multiple treaties. 10 Well, that is exactly what happened. This strategy to acquire Indian lands resulted in nearly thirty treaties with several tribes and the cession of 200,000 square miles of Indian territory. 11 This Jeffersonian policy proved to be very effective for the young United States. The more conservative removal policies of the American government took a halt when Andrew Jackson was elected President in 1828.Jackson was a famous Indian fighter who was often referred to as very vocal on his Indian views. He regarded the Indians as small and even referred to them as savages that must be removed. 12 Jacksons radical approach upset many natives and led to the Cherokee resistance. The Cherokees were confined to the state of tabun where they decided to reconstruct their tribal government. They created a constitution, established a language, had fully grown resources and even created a newspaper. However, this only increased the pressure for their American neighbors to take control of this Cherokee territory.The state of Georgia called upon Congress to begin negotiations with the Cherokees so they could leave their land. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act allowing the death chair to negotiate treaties of removal with all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. One year later, the Cherokee Nation brought a display case against the state of Georgia. The Supreme Court ruled in the case of Worcester v. Georgia that the Cherokee Nation was a diaphanous community, occupying its own territory where the laws of Georgia can have no force. 13 Georgia ignored this regnant and continued violating the Cherokee region.Faced with destruction or removal, the Cherokees signed the Treaty of New Echota, where they agreed to relocate west of the Mississippi River. 14 This relocation devastated the Cherokee Nations emotions and is known as the Trail of Tears in 1835. As you can see, the United States of America was faced with a very difficult dilemma in having to force federal Indian policies to maintain the control of the eastern frontier. Although much blood was shed over the policies between Washingtons and Jacksons administrations, much more blood could have been shed and treaties could have never formed.This could have possibly changed the face of the United States as we know it today. Notes 1. Calloway, Colin G, First Peoples A Documentary analyze of American Indian History, Bedford/St Martins, New York, 3rd Ed, 2008, 219. 2. Calloway, 218. 3. Calloway, 219. 4. Prucha, P. Francis. Federal Indian Policy. whitethorn 2 2005. http//www. alaskool. org/native_ed/ historicdocs/use_of_english/ prucha. htm (accessed May 29, 2009), 2. 5. Prucha, 2. 6. Prucha, 2. 7. Prucha, 3 . 8. Calloway, 230. 9. Calloway, 229. 10. Calloway, 230. 11. Calloway, 228. 12. Calloway, 231.13. Seal, David. The Trail of Tears. Oct 19 1994. http//ngeorgia. com/history/nghisttt. html (accessed May 29, 2009), 1. 14. Seal, 1. Bibliography Calloway, Colin G, First Peoples A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, Bedford/St Martins, New York, 3rd Ed, 2008. Prucha, P. Francis. Federal Indian Policy May 2 2005. http//www. alaskool. org/native_ed/ historicdocs/use_of_english/ prucha. htm (accessed May 29, 2009). Seal, David. The Trail of Tears. Oct 19 1994. http//ngeorgia. com/history/nghisttt. html (accessed May 29, 2009).

Western philosophy Essay Example for Free

Western philosophical dodge act school of scene is the discipline interested with interrogates of how one should live (ethics) what sorts of things exist and what argon their essential natures (metaphysics) what counts as genuine fellowship (epistemology) and what be the coiffure principles of cogitate (logic). The word is of Ancient Greek origin (philosophia), meaning love of wisdom. Definition of philosophical system each definition of philosophical system is controversial. The field has historic solelyy expanded and changed dep hold backing upon what conformations of questions were interesting or relevant in a given era. It is orb-wide agreed that ism is a method, rather than a set of claims, propositions, or theories. Its investigations ar based upon rational thinking, striving to make no unexamined assumptions and no leaps based on faith or pure analogy. Different philosophers run by had varied ideas rough the nature of reason. There is also disagree ment some the government issue matter of school of thought. Some think that philosophy examines the process of inquiry itself. Others, that there are basically philosophical propositions which it is the task of philosophy to answer.Although the word philosophy originates in Ancient Greece, mevery figures in the direct of otherwise cultures ache addressed similar topics in similar ways. The philosophers of East and South Asia are discussed in Eastern philosophy, while the philosophers of North Africa and the Middle East, because of their strong interactions with Europe, are commonly trusted part of Western philosophy. Branches of philosophy The point of philosophy is to start with something so simple as to seem not worth stating, and to end with something so paradoxical that no one leave behind believe it. To give an exhaustive list of the main(prenominal) divisions of philosophy is difficult, because various topics have been studied by philosophers at various times. Ethi cs, metaphysics, epistemology, and logic are ordinarily included. Other topics include politics, aesthetics, and religion. In addition, most academic subjects have a philosophy, for example the philosophy of science, the philosophy of mathematics, and the philosophy of history. Metaphysics was first-class honours degree studied systematically by Aristotle.He did not use that barrier the term emerged because in by and by editions of Aristotles works the sustain on what is now called metaphysics came after Aristotles study of physics. He calls the subject first philosophy (or sometimes just wisdom), and says it is the subject that deals with first causes and the principles of things. The modern meaning of the term is any inquiry dealing with the ultimate nature of what exists. Epistemology is c one timerned with the nature and scope of fill outledge, and whether noesis is similarly.Ethics, or example philosophy, is concerned with questions of how agents ought to act. Platos early dialogues constitute a search for definitions of virtue. Metaethics is the study of whether ethical value judgments can be mark at all. Ethics can also be conducted within a religious context. logic has deuce broad divisions mathematical logic (formal symbolic logic) and what is now called philosophical logic, the logic of actors line. Greek philosophy and Hellenistic philosophyAncient Greek philosophy may be divided into the pre-Socratic fulfilment, the Socratic period, and the post-Aristotelian period (or Hellenistic period). The pre-Socratic period was characterized by metaphysical speculation, often preserved in the form of grand, sweeping statements, such as All is fire or All changes. Important pre-Socratic philosophers include Pythagoras, Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Democritus, Parmenides, Heraclitus, and Empedocles.The Socratic period is named in honor of Socrates, who, along with his pupil Plato, revolutionized philosophy through the use of the Socratic m ethod, which develop the very general philosophical methods of definition, analytic thinking, and synthesis. While no writings of Socrates survive, his influence as a skeptic is transmitted through Platos works. Platos writings are often considered basic texts in philosophy as they defined the funda psychical issues of philosophy for future generations.These issues and others were taken up by Aristotle, who studied at Platos school, the Academy, and who often disagreed with what Plato had written. The subsequent period ushered in such philosophers as Euclid, Epicurus, Chrysippus, Hipparchia the Cynic, Pyrrho, and Sextus Empiricus. Though many of these philosophers may seem irrelevant given current scientific knowledge, their systems of thought continue to influence both(prenominal) philosophy and science today. chivalric philosophy HistoryMedieval philosophy is the philosophy of Western Europe and the Middle East during what is now known as the medieval era or the Middle Ages, slightly extending from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance period. Medieval philosophy is defined partially by the rediscovery and further development of classical Greek philosophy and Hellenistic philosophy, and partly by the need to address theological problems and to integrate sacred doctrine (in Islam, Judaism and Christianity) and secular learning.Some problems discussed throughout this period are the sexual relation of faith to reason, the man and unity of God, the object of theology and metaphysics, the problems of knowledge, of universals, and of individuation. Philosophers from the Middle Ages include the Muslim philosophers Alkindus, Alfarabi, Alhacen, Avicenna, Algazel, Avempace, Abubacer and Averroes the Jewish philosophers Maimonides and Gersonides and the Christian philosophers Anselm, Peter Abelard, Roger Bacon, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham and Jean Buridan.Early modern philosophy History(c. 1600 c. 1800) Modern philosophy is usually considered to begin with the revival of distrust and the genesis of modern physical science. basic figures include Montaigne, Descartes, Locke, Spinoza, Leibniz, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. Chronologically, this era spans the 17th and 18th centuries, and is generally considered to end with Kants systematic drive to reconcile Newtonian physics with traditional metaphysical topics. Later modern philosophy History(c. 1800 c. 1960)Later modern philosophy is usually considered to begin after the philosophy of Immanuel Kant at the beginning of the 19th-century. German idealists, Fichte, Hegel, Hoelderlin, Schelling, expanded on the work of Kant by maintaining that the world is rational and it is knowable as rational. Rejecting high-mindedness, other philosophers, many working from outside the university, initiated lines of thought that would remove academic philosophy in the early and mid-20th century Contemporary philosophy History(c. 1960 present)In the last nose candy years, philo sophy has increasingly dumbfound an activity practiced within the modern research university, and accordingly it has self-aggrandizing more specialized and more distinct from the natural sciences. Much of philosophy in this period concerns itself with explaining the relation between the theories of the natural sciences and the ideas of the humanityities or common sense. It is arguable that later modern philosophy cease with contemporary philosophys shift of focus from 19th century philosophers to 20th century philosophers.Realism and nominalism in Philosophy Realism sometimes means the position opposed to the 18th-century Idealism, namely that some things have real existence outside the mind. Classically, however, realism is the doctrine that abstract entities corresponding to universal terms like man have a real existence. It is opposed to nominalism, the draw that abstract or universal terms are spoken language only, or denote mental states such as ideas, beliefs, or intenti ons. The latter position, historiedly held by William of Ockham, is conceptualism. freethinking and empiricism in PhilosophyRationalism is any plenty emphasizing the role or brilliance of human reason. Extreme rationalism tries to base all knowledge on reason alone. Rationalism typically starts from premises that cannot coherently be denied, then attempts by logical steps to deduce every possible object of knowledge. The first rationalist, in this broad sense, is often held to be Parmenides (fl. 480 BCE), who argued that it is impossible to doubt that thinking actually occurs. But thinking mustiness have an object, therefore something beyond thinking really exists.Parmenides deduced that what really exists must have certain properties for example, that it cannot come into existence or cease to exist, that it is a coherent whole, that it remains the corresponding eternally (in fact, exists altogether outside time). Zeno of Elea (born c. 489 BCE) was a disciple of Parmenides, and argued that motion is impossible, since the assertion that it exists implies a contradiction. Plato (427-347 BCE) was also influenced by Parmenides, moreover combined rationalism with a form of realism. The philosophers work is to consider being, and the essence of things.But the attribute article of essences is that they are universal. The nature of a man, a triangle, a tree, applies to all men, all triangles, all trees. Plato argued that these essences are mind-independent forms, that populace (but particularly philosophers) can come to know by reason, and by ignoring the distractions of sense- learning. Modern rationalism begins with Descartes. Reflection on the nature of perceptual experience, as well as scientific discoveries in physiology and optics, led Descartes (and also Locke) to the assimilate that we are directly aware of ideas, rather than objects.This view gave rise to three questions Is an idea a neat copy of the real thing that it represents? Sensation is not a direct interaction between corporal objects and our sense, but is a physiological process involving representation (for example, an image on the retina). Locke thought that a utility(prenominal) quality such as a sensation of green could in no way agree the arrangement of particles in matter that go to produce this sensation, although he thought that primary qualities such as shape, size, number, were really in objects.How can physical objects such as chairs and tables, or even physiological processes in the brain, give rise to mental items such as ideas? This is part of what became known as the mind-body problem. If all the limit of awareness are ideas, how can we know that anything exists apart from ideas? Descartes tried to address the last problem by reason. He began, echoing Parmenides, with a principle that he thought could not coherently be denied I think, therefore I am (often given in his original Latin Cogito ergo sum).From this principle, Descartes went on to brin g in a complete system of knowledge (which involves proving the existence of God, using, among other means, a version of the ontological disputation). His view that reason alone could yield substantial faithfulnesss about reality strongly influenced those philosophers usually considered modern rationalists (such as Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, and Christian Wolff), while provoking criticism from other philosophers who have retrospectively come to be sorted together as empiricists.Empiricism, in contrast to rationalism, downplays or dismisses the ability of reason alone to yield knowledge of the world, preferring to base any knowledge we have on our senses. John Locke propounded the classic empiricist view in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding in 1689, developing a form of naturalism and empiricism on roughly scientific (and Newtonian) principles. During this era, religious ideas played a mixed role in the struggles that preoccupied secular philosophy.Bishop Berkeleys fa mous idealist refutation of key tenets of Isaac Newton is a case of an Enlightenment philosopher who drew substantially from religious ideas. Other influential religious thinkers of the time include Blaise Pascal, Joseph Butler, and Jonathan Edwards. Other major writers, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Edmund Burke, took a rather different path. The restricted interests of many of the philosophers of the time foreshadow the separation and specialization of different areas of philosophy that would occur in the 20th century.Skepticism in Philosophy Skepticism is a philosophical post that questions the guess of obtaining any sort of knowledge. It was first articulated by Pyrrho, who believed that everything could be doubted except appearances. Sextus Empiricus (2nd century CE) describes skepticism as an ability to place in antithesis, in any manner whatever, appearances and judgments, and thus to come first of all to a suspension of judgment and then to mental tranquility. Skeptici sm so conceived is not un slight the use of doubt, but is the use of doubt for a particular end a calmness of the soul, or ataraxia. Skepticism poses itself as a challenge to dogmatism, whose adherents think they have found the truth. Sextus noted that the reliability of perception may be questioned, because it is idiosyncratic to the perceiver. The appearance of mortal things changes depending on whether they are in a pigeonholing for example, the shavings of a goats horn are white when taken alone, yet the intact horn is black.A pencil, when viewed lengthwise, looks like a stick but when examined at the tip, it looks merely like a circle. Skepticism was revived in the early modern period by Michel de Montaigne and Blaise Pascal. Its most extreme exponent, however, was David Hume. Hume argued that there are only two kinds of reasoning what he called probable and demonstrative (cf Humes fork). Neither of these two forms of reasoning can lead us to a reasonable belief in the conti nued existence of an outdoor(a) world.Demonstrative reasoning cannot do this, because demonstration (that is, deductive reasoning from well-founded premises) alone cannot establish the uniformness of nature (as captured by scientific laws and principles, for example). Such reason alone cannot establish that the future impart resemble the past. We have certain beliefs about the world (that the sun will rise tomorrow, for example), but these beliefs are the product of habit and custom, and do not depend on any sort of logical inferences from what is already given certain.But probable reasoning (inductive reasoning), which aims to take us from the observed to the unobserved, cannot do this either it also depends on the uniformity of nature, and this supposed uniformity cannot be proved, without circularity, by any appeal to uniformity. The best that either sort of reasoning can give is conditional truth if certain assumptions are true, then certain conclusions follow. So cryptograp h about the world can be established with certainty. Hume concludes that there is no solution to the skeptical argument except, in effect, to can it.Even if these matters were resolved in every case, we would have in turn to justify our normal of justification, direct to an infinite regress (hence the term regress skepticism). many an(prenominal) philosophers have questioned the value of such skeptical arguments. The question of whether we can achieve knowledge of the external world is based on how high a standard we set for the justification of such knowledge. If our standard is absolute certainty, then we cannot progress beyond the existence of mental sensations.We cannot even deduce the existence of a coherent or continuing I that experiences these sensations, much less the existence of an external world. On the other hand, if our standard is too low, then we admit follies and illusions into our body of knowledge. This argument against absolute skepticism asserts that the pra ctical philosopher must move beyond solipsism, and accept a standard for knowledge that is high but not absolute. Idealism in Philosophy Idealism is the epistemological doctrine that nothing can be directly known outside of the minds of thinking beings.Or in an alternative stronger form, it is the metaphysical doctrine that nothing exists apart from minds and the contents of minds. In modern Western philosophy, the epistemological doctrine begins as a core tenet of Descartes that what is in the mind is known more reliably than what is known through the senses. The first prominent modern Western idealist in the metaphysical sense was George Berkeley. Berkeley argued that there is no deep distinction between mental states, such as feeling pain, and the ideas about so-called external things, that appear to us through the senses.There is no real distinction, in this view, between certain sensations of passion and light that we experience, which lead us to believe in the external existe nce of a fire, and the fire itself. Those sensations are all there is to fire. Berkeley expressed this with the Latin formula esse est percipi to be is to be perceived. In this view the opinion, curiously prevailing upon men, that houses, mountains, and rivers have an existence independent of their perception by a thinking being is false.Forms of noble-mindedness were prevalent in philosophy from the 18th century to the early 20th century. Transcendental idealism, advocated by Immanuel Kant, is the view that there are limits on what can be understood, since there is much that cannot be brought under the conditions of objective judgment. Kant wrote his Critique of Pure Reason (1781-1787) in an attempt to reconcile the conflicting approaches of rationalism and empiricism, and to establish a new groundwork for studying metaphysics.Kants intention with this work was to look at what we know and then consider what must be true about it, as a logical consequence of, the way we know it. O ne major theme was that there are fundamental features of reality that escape our direct knowledge because of the natural limits of the human faculties. Although Kant held that objective knowledge of the world required the mind to impose a conceptual or categorical model on the stream of pure sensory data a framework including space and time themselves he maintained that things-in-themselves existed independently ofour perceptions and judgments he was therefore not an idealist in any simple sense.Indeed, Kants billhook of things-in-themselves is both controversial and highly complex. Continuing his work, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Schelling dispensed with belief in the independent existence of the world, and created a thoroughgoing idealist philosophy. The most notable work of this German idealism was G. W. F. Hegels Phenomenology of Spirit, of 1807. Hegel admitted his ideas werent new, but that all the previous philosophies had been incomplete.His goal was to correctly finish their job. Hegel asserts that the twin aims of philosophy are to account for the contradictions apparent in human experience (which arise, for instance, out of the supposed contradictions between being and not being ), and also simultaneously to resolve and preserve these contradictions by delivering their compatibility at a higher level of examination (being and not being are resolved with becoming) . This program of acceptance and reconciliation of contradictions is known as the Hegelian dialectic.Philosophers in the Hegelian tradition include Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, who coined the term projection as pertaining to our inability to fleck anything in the external world without projecting qualities of ourselves upon those things, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, and the British idealists, notably T. H. Green, J. M. E. McTaggart, and F. H. Bradley. Few 20th century philosophers have embraced idealism. However, quite a few have embraced Hegelian dialectic. Immanuel Kants Coperni can Turn also remains an heavy philosophical concept today. Pragmatism in PhilosophyPragmatism was founded in the spirit of finding a scientific concept of truth, which is not dependent on either personal insight (or revelation) or citation to some metaphysical realm. The truth of a statement should be judged by the effect it has on our actions and truth should be seen as that which the whole of scientific enquiry will ultimately agree on. This should probably be seen as a guiding principle more than a definition of what it means for something to be true, though the details of how this principle should be interpreted have been subject to discussion since Peirce first conceived it.Like Rorty many seem convinced that Pragmatism holds that the truth of beliefs does not consist in their correspondence with reality, but in their public utility and efficacy. The late 19th-century American philosophers Charles Peirce and William crowd were its co-founders, and it was later certain by John Dewey as instrumentalism. Since the value of any belief at any time might be contingent on circumstance, Peirce and James conceptualised final truth as that which would be established only by the future, final settlement of all opinion.Critics have accused pragmatism of falling victim to a simple fallacy because something that is true proves useful, that usefulness is the basis for its truth. Thinkers in the pragmatist tradition have included John Dewey, George Santayana,W. V. O. Quine and C. I. Lewis. Phenomenology in Philosophy Edmund Husserls phenomenology was an ambitious attempt to lay the foundations for an account of the structure of conscious experience in general. An important part of Husserls phenomenological project was to show that all conscious acts are directed at or about objective content, a feature that Husserl called intentionality.In the first part of his two-volume work, the Logical Investigations (1901), he launched an extended attack on psychologism. In t he here and now part, he began to develop the technique of descriptive phenomenology, with the aim of showing how objective judgments are indeed grounded in conscious experience not, however, in the first-person experience of particular individuals, but in the properties essential to any experiences of the kind in question. He also attempted to identify the essential properties of any act of meaning.He developed the method further in Ideas (1913) as transcendental phenomenology, proposing to ground actual experience, and thus all palm of human knowledge, in the structure of consciousness of an ideal, or transcendental, ego. Later, he attempted to reconcile his transcendental outdoor stage with an acknowledgement of the intersubjective life-world in which real individual subjects interact. Husserl published only a few works in his lifetime, which conduct phenomenology mainly in abstract methodological terms but he left an marvelous quantity of unpublished concrete analyses.Husse rls work was immediately influential in Germany, with the foundation of phenomenological schools in Munich and Gottingen. Phenomenology later achieved international fame through the work of such philosophers as Martin Heidegger (formerly Husserls research assistant), Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Jean-Paul Sartre. Indeed, through the work of Heidegger and Sartre, Husserls focus on subjective experience influenced aspects of existentialism. Existentialism in Philosophy Although they didnt use the term, the nineteenth century philosophers Soren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche are widely regarded as the fathers of existentialism.Their influence, however, has extended beyond existentialist thought. The main target of Kierkegaards writings was the idealist philosophical system of Hegel which, he thought, ignored or excluded the inner subjective life of living human beings. Kierkegaard, conversely, held that truth is subjectivity, argue that what is most important to an actual human bei ng are questions dealing with an individuals inner relationship to existence. In particular, Kierkegaard, a Christian, believed that the truth of religious faith was a subjective question, and one to be wrestled with passionately.Although Kierkegaard and Nietzsche were among his influences, the extent to which the German philosopher Martin Heidegger should be considered an existentialist is debatable. In Being and Time he presented a method of rooting philosophical explanations in human existence (Dasein) to be analysed in terms of existential categories (existentiale) and this has led many commentators to treat him as an important figure in the existentialist movement. However, in The Letter on Humanism, Heidegger explicitly jilted the existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre.Sartre became the best-known proponent of existentialism, exploring it not only in theoretical works such as Being and Nothingness , but also in plays and novels. Sartre, along with Albert Camus and Simone de Beauv oir, all represented an avowedly nescient branch of existentialism, which is now more closely associated with their ideas of nausea, contingency, bad faith, and the absurd than with Kierkegaards spiritual angst. Nevertheless, the focus on the individual human being, responsible before the universe for the authenticity of his or her existence, is common to all these thinkers.Structuralism and post-structuralism in Philosophy Inaugurated by the linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, structuralism sought to ferret out the underlying systems through analysing the discourses they both limit and make possible. Saussure conceived of the sign as being delimited by all the other signs in the system, and ideas as being incapable of existence prior to linguistic structure, which articulates thought. This led continental thought away from humanism, and toward what was termed the decentering of man language is no longer spoken by man to express a true inner self, but language speaks man.Structuralism sought the province of a hard science, but its positivism soon came under fire by poststructuralism, a wide field of thinkers, some of whom were once themselves structuralists, but later came to criticize it. Structuralists believed they could analyse systems from an external, objective standing, for example, but the poststructuralists argued that this is incorrect, that one cannot transcend structures and thus analysis is itself determined by what it examines, that systems are ultimately self-referential.Furthermore, while the distinction between the signifier and signified was hard-boiled as crystalline by structuralists, poststructuralists asserted that every attempt to grasp the signified would simply turn up in the proliferation of more signifiers, so meaning is always in a state of being deferred, do an ultimate interpretation impossible. Structuralism came to dominate continental philosophy from the 1960s onward, encompassing thinkers as different as Michel Foucault and J acques Lacan. The analytic tradition in PhilosophyThe term analytic philosophy roughly designates a group of philosophical methods that stress clarity of meaning above all other criteria. The philosophy developed as a critique of Hegel and his followers in particular, and of speculative philosophy in general. Some schools in the group include 20th-century realism, logical atomism, logical positivism, and ordinary language. The motivation is to have philosophical studies go beyond personal opinion and begin to have the cogency of mathematical proofs. In 1921,Ludwig Wittgenstein published his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, which gave a slap logical account of linguistic and philosophical issues. At the time, he understood most of the problems of philosophy as mere puzzles of language, which could be solved by clear thought. Years later he would reverse a number of the positions he had set out in the Tractatus, in for example his second major work, philosophic Investigations (1953). Investigations encouraged the development of ordinary language philosophy, which was promoted by Gilbert Ryle, J.L.Austin, and a few others. The ordinary language philosophy thinkers shared a common outlook with many older philosophers (Jeremy Bentham, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and John Stuart Mill), and it was this style of philosophical inquiry that characterized English-language philosophy for the second half of the 20th century. Ethics and policy-making in Philosophy From superannuated times, and well beyond them, the roots of justification for political authority were inescapably tied to outlooks on human nature.In The Republic, Plato declared that the ideal society would be run by a council of philosopher-kings, since those best at philosophy are best able to realize the good. Even Plato, however, required philosophers to make their way in the world for many years before beginning their rule at the age of fifty. For Aristotle, humans are political animals (i. e. social animals), and governments are set up in order to pursue good for the community. Aristotle heavy that, since the state (polis) was the highest form of community, it has the purpose of pursuing the highest good.Aristotle viewed political power as the result of natural inequalities in skill and virtue. Because of these differences, he favored an aristocracy of the able and virtuous. For Aristotle, the person cannot be complete unless he or she lives in a community. His The Nicomachean Ethics and The Politics are meant to be read in that order. The first book addresses virtues (or excellences) in the person as a citizen the second addresses the proper form of government to ensure that citizens will be virtuous, and therefore complete.Both books deal with the essential role of justice in civic life. Nicolas of Cusa rekindled Platonic thought in the early 15th century. He promoted democracy in Medieval Europe, both in his writings and in his organization of the Council of Florence. Unlike Aristot le and the Hobbesian tradition to follow, Cusa saw human beings as equal and master (that is, made in Gods image), so democracy would be the only just form of government. Cusas views are assign by some as sparking the Italian Renaissance, which gave rise to the notion of Nation-States.Later, Niccolo Machiavelli rejected the views of Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas as unrealistic. The ideal sovereign is not the embodiment of the moral virtues rather the sovereign does whatever is successful and necessary, rather than what is morally p enterworthy. Thomas Hobbes also contested many elements of Aristotles views. For Hobbes, human nature is essentially anti-social people are essentially egoistic, and this egoism makes life difficult in the natural state of things.Moreover, Hobbes argued, though people may have natural inequalities, these are trivial, since no particular talents or virtues that people may have will make them safe from harm inflicted by others. For these reasons, Hobbes co ncluded that the state arises from a common agreement to raise the community out of the state of nature. This can only be done by the establishment of a sovereign, in which (or whom) is vested complete control over the community, and which is able to inspire awe and terror in its subjects.Many in the Enlightenment were unsatisfied with existing doctrines in political philosophy, which seemed to marginalize or neglect the possibility of a democratic state. David Hume was among the first philosophers to question the existence of God, circa 1700. Jean-Jacques Rousseau was among those who attempted to overturn these doctrines he responded to Hobbes by claiming that a human is by nature a kind of noble savage, and that society and social contracts corrupt this nature. other critic was John Locke.In Second Treatise on Government he agreed with Hobbes that the nation-state was an efficient calamus for raising humanity out of a deplorable state, but he argued that the sovereign might beco me an abominable institution compared to the relatively benign unmodulated state of nature. Following the doctrine of the fact-value distinction, due in part to the influence of David Hume and his student Adam Smith, appeals to human nature for political justification were weakened. Nevertheless, many political philosophers, especially moral realists, still make use of some essential human nature as a basis for their arguments.Consequentialism, Deontological ethics, and Virtue ethics in Philosophy One debate that has commanded the attention of ethicists in the modern era has been between consequentialism (actions are to be morally evaluated solely by their consequences) and deontology (actions are to be morally evaluated solely by consideration of agents duties, the rights of those whom the action concerns, or both).

Major Factors Contributing To Habitat Loss Essay Example for Free

Major Factors Contri excepting To Habitat Loss Essay fragmentation and degradation be two major contri providedors that go hand in hand with development. Hillstrom and Hillstrom point out(a) that Inefficient community design is one cause of habitat fragmentation. Another is the haphazardly built organisation of secondary highways and roads that is both a cause and result of sprawl(12) . When subdivisions go in, more and more practic on the wholey they are homes with one to two acre zoning, resulting in the sprawl for one housing development covering up to now more area.Throughout the United States millions and millions of miles of these interconnected roads and highways, that serve to connect the housing and the commercial developments, class barriers, creating separated little oasis, of sustain satisfactory habitat. As development proceeds, subdivisions, factories, and strip malls spread regular further afield, all being connected to each other by this constantly growin g network of tar and concrete. It is an unfading cycle of human growth and expansion, and connection.Not enough care and planning is being taken to uphold wildlife habitat, animal life, and biodiversity alive and thriving. Regarding Fragmentation of habitat, Silberstein and Maser refer to it as The most serious threat to biological, genetic, and functional diversity(13). Maser and Silberstein discover that fragmentation Is the primary cause of not only the often discussed global crisis of the rate of biological extinctions but also the less discussed crisis regarding the rate of local extinction(14). (12) Hillstrom Kevin, Hillstrom Laurie Collier.North America A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues. magnetic declination illustrated, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2003. P. 18. (13) Johnson Elizabeth Ann. Klemens Michael W. Nature in Fragments The Legacy of Sprawl. Edition illustrated, Published by Columbia University Press, 2005. P. 43. (14) ) Maser Chris, Silberstein Jane, Lan d-use readying for Sustainable Development. Published by CRC Press, 2000,p. 43. 5 Fragmentation causes the formation of those islands of refuge, that the animals in the area naturally are drawn, to in search of sustainable habitat.It does not usually take too long, before so numerous animals are drawn into the enclosed havens, confined by the spiderweb of roads and highways, that the food sources available there live on too depleted to support the refugees contained within the man make boundaries. Fragmentation, and the total stripping of vegetation and food sources in these areas destroys the biodiversity of the habitat in a manner it may not ever be able to recover from even after the animals are gone, either starved to death or attempting to migrate elsewhere.Authors Emel and Wolch, in their book, Animal Geographies state that Some animals can adapt to such fragmentation and to the human proximity it implies, but more commonly animals die in situ, or migrate to less fragmen ted areas(15) , and as already noted, migration across the man made roadways is a risk as well. Smaller animals such as razz varieties, and squirrels, lower life forms such as insects and such are able to adapt, and at times even thrive in small park kindred settings, but foxes, racoon, deer, and other larger predatory animals like bears, and cougars have no place within mans neighborhoods.Degradation of the habitat is just as bad, it may take a little longer to become apparent, but often when an area is identified, it is already in danger of complete collapse. Many times the corporations are only exposed as delinquent of negligent practices resulting in contamination, and or polluting an area, after a major animal die off draws worry to the problem. The threats of massive environmental degradation and species extinction and the commodification of billions of animals as the economy goes global have led to pissed politics surrounding animals(16).Oil spills, chemical releases, w ater source contamination have all made headlines, and help draw attention to the situation, and create awareness of the plight of animals in our areas. (15) Emel Jody, Wolch Jennifer. Animal Geographies Place, Politics, and Identity in the Nature-culture Borderlands, Edition illustrated, Published by Verso, 1998,p. 127. (16) Ibid. p. 8. 6

Leadership and Management Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Management EssayEducation is a very important groundwork due to the role it plays in transmitting neighborly skills and knowledge infallible of any member of the society (Hofman, Gray Daly, 2004). It is worth noting that the levels of development of a countrys grooming frames bears close correlational statistics to the economic and social conditions that the said country will afford. It is therefore upon members of the society and the bringing up system to go through that members of the society achieve as much as possible from this system. High attainment in eduction is farthest much beneficial than low level teaching method in the modern society due to the heights level of teachingal attainment. A doctorate microscope stage is currently what an under calibrate degree was in the nineties (Hofman, Gray Daly, 2004). The level of genteelnessal attainment requires an individual to posses at least a masters degree to stand out among others. The need to stand above others and gain whatsoever advantage over them in the competitive job market is the main reason for my pursuance of a doctoral degree.In choosing educational leadership and attention of higher institutions in Singapore the key consideration was my vocation. I have personally worked in the educational field in different capacity. Having served as an assistant head of international curriculums at Crestar institute, human resource management with a Christian association, lectured English at Kaplan city campus and organism a full time consultant trainer at NTUC, my life has centred around management and higher institution of learning.Understanding the nature of higher education leadership and management in Singapore is therefore applicable to my c beer. Relevance of USQ Doctorate studies is about mastery and application of principles and theories studied in class. A doctorate graduate should be able to analyse and relate issues related to their area of specialisation by giving varied dimension. Doctorate graduates are expected to be above other levels not beneficial in their burn down to thinking but they must also display high levels of norms and value expected of the society (Mok, 2006).controller of principles that are germane(predicate) to the needs of the society, and the development of norms and values that are expected of the society are just but a few of the benefits expected of a USQ professional doctorate it is thus clear that the program not lonesome(prenominal) makes better specialists but also better members of the society by integrating the values of determination, team spirit and courage into the students. The role played by the education system just a standardised(p) any other social systems cannot be done by any other system.Propagation of social norms and development of skills that are relevant to the needs of the society are some of the objectives of the education system. Though the education systems is one of the oldest i nstitution, the development of the higher educations sector in Singapore is a recent event. Singapores education system though quite organised as compared to its neighbours is faced with a number of challenges (Lee Fredriksen, 2008). Most challenges in the education system can be traced to the management and leadership of the education system.Despite the education system being a social systems it still falls prey to the effects of partisan politic. The involvement of the central government activity on educational matter cannot be avoided since the education system is under the governments care, however, the education system should be shielded from the negative effects of poor politics. Corruption lack of professional knowledge and nepotisms are some of the issue that affect the education systems at the low level.Researching on education management and leadership in higher education sector not only develops my research skills but also realise awareness on issues that affect manag ement and leadership of higher education sector and is therefore relevant to streamlined delivery in future. Personal Capabilities Doctorate studies require good academic background and interest in the area of study. Determination defines me level of education attainment and the nature of jobs that I have been involved in give me the experience and skills required to undertake a doctorate course.I am well knowing in the management of the education system and problems faced by low level personnel like tutors and professors. My position places me in a situation where I can look at the issues from both the management and implementation level which is a capability that few have. My academic qualification is beyond question for I am a holder of a masters degree in education. I therefore accept the skills and qualification required of doctorate degree and there is no cause for worry on my abilities. books ReviewThe education system thought critical to the development of the society is no stranger to controversy. writ of execution of the education system goals has especially been under fire with some coming up with the view that the education system, just like any other social system is responsible for social reverberation (Kassem, Mufti Robinson, 2006). The education systems is seen by such critics as a tool used by those in power to ensure they maintain their position while disregarding the needs of the less empowered. It is quite true that commercialisation of education has led to append in levels of educational attainment.Increase in levels of educational attainment is characterised by increase in the address of acquiring higher education. The costs of education at a level that is relevant to the development of technical skills required by the job market is high and borders exploitation (Kassem, Mufti Robinson, 2006). Projection shows that the cost of education is likely to go up with increase in demand for education. This is blamed on commercialisatio n of education which has made it business like and therefore probe to the market forces of supply and demand the only differences being that the demand is always on a high.On the other hand, the commercialisation of education and strategies unquestionable by the government and other stakeholders who are blamed for the problems facing education by social reproduction theorists is cited as the first step towards the development of the high education sector (Mok, 2006). Take China as an example, the reforms which included allowing privatisation of the higher education sector and formulation and implementation of cost sharing mechanism are cited as the key driving factors to the levels of development achieved (Mok, 2006).

Compare and contrast essay Essay Example for Free

Comp ar and contrast essay EssayBrown blood brothers How Negative Stereotypes Affect Polynesian And Maori In New Zealand My demographic is high school cleaning ladies, fast food burger-making, factory boxpacking, rubbish hand truck drivers, bus drivers, taxi drivers, sober drivers and living off the pension joy riders I am a dropout. These are all ideas raised and challenged by Joshua Iosefos 2011 viral speech, Brown Brother. Brown Brother is one of trinity texts that get out be examined, compared and contrasted in this essay. The second text, Manurewa, is a succinct film based on the atomic number 16 Auckland murder of Navtej Singh, a liquor shop owner. The third text is Fish Heads, a short account statement written by Aparina Taylor, that focuses on a group of Maori sons who live in the city.The media is a huge culprit for the negative stereotyping that has been brought upon pacifica people. Brown people are more than what they are portrayed to be finished media. Film s such as Manurewa reinforce many of the negative sort outs that lease been brought upon Pacific people. The pigeonhole of cook people is a negative one, one of unemployment, one of crime, one of violence. In Manurewa each one of these stereotypes were portrayed. The men in the short film were all unemployed, all committed crime and all certifyed violence.Bro Town, Siones Wedding, and do I film to mention the GC? Now I dont mean to condescend I mean these shows are great, dont clear me wrong but can anyone explain will there ever be a m when our representation goes deeper than putting our own people to shame? Joshua Iosefo, in his Brown Brother speech, spoke close this issue how the media represents brown people in a negative light. He highlights how these types of shows create and enforce the stereotypes that brown people now have to live by. While these shows are meant to entertain, this negative reinforcement only show the bad location of Polynesian and Maori people .One of the major themes of the film Manurewa is about people world detain by starting time expectations and invisible boundaries. People can become seafarerped from attaining success, trapped from fulfilling their potential, and trapped from being heard. The message in the film Manurewa is that not all brownpeople are bad, but the expectations that their stereotypes have created for them along with the people that they are surrounded with often leads to them making horrific mis spuds. In this true story, a beloved person has been surrounded with unemployed, violent people and ultimately ends up committing a murder. In the outset base of the film the boy shows that he does have love and passion in his heart through feeding and nurturing the horse. After the murder the three older men are happy and excited but the boy was completely distressed about what he had done. These two scenes clearly show that the boy is a good person who simply made a bad mistakes because of the peop le that he was surrounded by. When Joshua Iosefo performed Brown Brother at the Tedx conference, he explained how brown people are trapped because of expectations, and surroundings. Meaning that the expectations that have been set from the stereotypes as well as the people that they are surrounded by impact greatly and almost trap brown people from success. He used a box as an example, where he explained that each side of the box reads to be kicked down in order for Maori and Polynesian people to succeed.People need to make the change themselves through their own actions. Brown people need to stop being what the stereotypes expects them to be and need to start proving that they are better than the stereotype. In the short story, Fish Heads the Maori boys are short of gold but they do not let this stop them. All four boys are employed, they all operate for the little money that they have and they show that there is no reason to live the way that the stereotype expects them to live . They are not violent, they do not commit crimes and they do not drink alcohol excessively. They compliancy people and they are happy living a simple wholesome life. Similarly, Joshua Iosefo talks about lace the stereotype, about standing up and showing that you are better than the stereotype. You can do all things through Christ, Philippians 413. You are more than capable. And I dont say that just to make you aspect better, I say that because I know. Cause your creator told me to break up you so. You will go places, you will tell stories, so do not feel dismayed or alone for your God and your family and your home will forever be inside the marrow of your bones. So do not fret, do not regret. For where you go, you take us with you. Brown brother, do not be afraid to be the first, the first to graduate, the first to climb, the first prime minister,or the first good wife brown brother, do not be afraid to be the change. Not in skin tone or colour, but a change in mindset.From o ne brown brother, to another. These are the powerful words that Joshua pointed at people living on a lower floor the expectations that the stereotype has set for them. This powerful message is aimed st those who have been beaten by the expectations that have been set by the stereotype. The three texts, Manurewa, Brown Brother and Fish Heads clearly illustrate that there are negative stereotypes and low expectations for Polynesians and Maori in New Zealand. These stereotypes can lead people to feel that they are stuck and defined by their stereotype. Joshua Iosefos speech, talked of the stereotype that was his demographic but also said that Polynesians needed to be responsible for overcoming or changing this stereotype. In the film Manurewa, the inability for Isaac to escape from this cycle of negativity lead the once caring teenager to fellow with bad people and ultimately lead to him murdering an innocent man. Whereas in contrast, the text Fish Heads showed that if people are rem oved from negative environments and influences, they are able to live in a non-stereotypical way.